Background: This study aims to conduct Turkish adaptation of abbreviated version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). This short form (BIS-11-SF) would let the researchers easily use this impulsiveness scale in several different study fields including epidemiological studies, primary care and clinical samples.Methods: The present study was conducted in two stages. At the first stage, an exploratory factor analysis was carried out with 30-item BIS-11 which has been completed by 142 healthy participants. Through this analysis, 5 items with the highest factor loadings that belong to each of the three factors of the scale was determined. The final 15-item short form (BIS-15-SF) went on re-exploratory factor analysis and, internal consistency of the total scale and subscale scores were calculated. For validity analysis, the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSDa) was used. Ninety-two new subjects were included in this second stage. Results: At the first stage, 15 items of 30-item form that had sufficient rate of internal consistency and item-total correlation analysis have been included in factor analysis. The 3-factorial structure of the original 30-item scale [Non Planning (NP), motor impulsivity (M), and attention impulsivity (A)] was also valid in this short form. Internal consistency rates (Cronbach's alpha) for total and subscale scores of the 15-item new form were: 0.82, 0.80, 0.70 and 0.64 for total score, NP, M and D subscales, respectively. FrSDa (total scale and all subscales) had a moderately positive correlation (0.31-0.67) with BIS-11-SF total and subscale scores. Conclusion: Our findings show that the factorial structure of the Turkish adaptation of BIS-11 short form is reliable and valid for healthy normal population. (Archives of Neuropsychiatry 2013; 50: 130-134)Conflict of interest: The authors reported no conflict of interest related to this article

The aim of this study was to assess the comorbidity of lifetime and current prevalences of anxiety disorders among 70 patients with bipolar I disorder in remission using structured diagnostic interviews and to examine the association between comorbidity and several demographic and clinical variables. Forty-three (61.4%) bipolar I patients also met DSM-IV criteria for at least one lifetime comorbid anxiety disorder. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (39%) was the most common comorbid lifetime anxiety disorder, followed by simple phobia (26%) and social phobia (20%). First episode and male sex were found to have lower rates of comorbid current anxiety disorders. The presence of anxiety disorders was related to significantly higher scores on both anxiety and general psychopathology scales. The results of the present study support previous findings of a high comorbidity rate of anxiety disorders in bipolar I disorder cases and indicate that the presence of an anxiety disorder leads to more severe psychopathology levels in bipolar I patients.

Purpose: The term orthorexia nervosa is used to describe the pathological fixation associated with consuming healthy food. It is assumed that orthorexia nervosa shares some phenomenological features with anorexia nervosa, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and other mental disorders. Individuals with orthorexic tendencies may have high physical activity as well as a healthy diet. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of orthorexia nervosa with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, eating attitudes, and several sociodemographic features. Patients and Methods: We included 63 patients diagnosed with OCD, 63 healthy volunteers who perform physical exercises at least three days a week, at least 30 minutes a day, and 63 healthy volunteers who do not perform physical exercises regularly. Sociodemographic data form, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, ORTO-11 Scale, Eating Attitude Test, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders (SCID-5 CV) were administered to all participants. OCD data form was also applied to patients with OCD diagnosis. Results: We found a statistically significant relationship between current order-symmetry obsessions and orthorexic tendencies in patients with OCD (p< 0.05). There was no relationship between the severity of the disorder and orthorexia nervosa in patients with OCD (p> 0.05). Orthorexic tendencies were found to increase as impaired eating attitudes increased in participants who regularly performed physical exercises and patients with OCD (p< 0.05). The orthorexic tendencies of participants who regularly performed physical exercises were higher than those diagnosed with OCD and healthy individuals who did not perform physical exercises. Conclusion: The absence of a significant relationship between disorder severity and orthorexia nervosa in patients diagnosed with OCD and the increase in orthorexic tendencies as the deterioration in eating attitudes increases in both patients with OCD and the participants who regularly perform physical exercises suggest that orthorexia nervosa may be closer to the eating disorders group than obsessive-compulsive spectrum. Studies with large samples and different diagnoses are needed to determine the place of orthorexia nervosa in diagnosis and classification systems.