Fossil fuels, which has determined all the important economic and political events of the last century, are the most widely used fuel type in the world. Petroleum or crude oil is a fossil fuel. In this study, the amount of petroleum reserves in the world and their lifetime are examined. Based on the studies conducted by international oil companies and independent energy organizations, it is predicted that oil reserves will be depleted in about 50 years. Paris Agreement aims to reduce fossil fuels and oil use in order to reduce air pollution by 2030. Until the 2050s, it is seen that many developed countries conduct studies on how to meet their energy needs for the areas such as electricity, heat and transportation 100% by renewable energy sources. Oil directly effects the economies of all countries in the world. In this study, oil production and consumption rates and alternative fuels that will be used in future vehicles are examined. In the upcoming years, economic growth, policy and technology will be shaped by alternative fuels. In addition, it has been determined that alternative fuel studies to replace oil have not reached the desired level yet.