Available statistical data from 2015 show that 28% of pregnancies in developed countries end in cesarean section (CC). Discomfort associated with the scar after surgery is a common complication. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the structure of the cesarean scar after the application of a scheme of manual therapy. The study included 15 women in the treatment group (TG) and 15 in the control group (CG). The scars were evaluated twice at 5-week intervals with the use of quantitative scales: the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), the Manchester Scar Scale (MSS) and the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS). During each examination, the scar was compared, using the specified criteria, to the physiological skin, i.e., the tissues directly bordering the incision. During therapy, 8 manual techniques were used during a 4-week program consisting of 30-minute sessions 3 times per week. Patients in the TG showed a statistically significant improvement in all of the analyzed characteristics of the scar. A statistically significant difference was also observed between the results obtained during the 2nd examination (after the therapy) in the TG and the CG. As a result of the therapy, the condition of the scar in the TG significantly improved. Onerous scar-related symptoms were alleviated. The vascularity, hyperpigmentation and distortion of the scar were reduced. The elasticity and pliability of the scar increased, and the height of the scar decreased. The texture, finish and contour of the scar improved. Obtained results suggest that manual therapy of the scar after CC should be a part of the treatment in women during the postpartum period.

Over recent years, the concept of Sensory Integration has become more popular. Knowledge about Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) also has grown, and it is often discussed in scientific research. Sensory disturbances can cause problems in learning and behaviour of children in whom no medical diagnosis has been made. These are healthy children regarding the environment, but their behaviour is often described as strange in the meaning not appropriate/not adequate to the situation. The aim of the study was to analyse if there is a correlation between occurrence of SPD and the time or the way of delivery. Participants were 75 children, ages 5–9 years old. Children born prematurely (n = 25), and children delivered by caesarean section (C-section) (n = 25) were compared to the ones born on time by natural means (n = 25). Research was based on a questionnaire filled by children’s parents. Descriptive results and percentage calculations were compared. SPD were detected among 84% of pre-borns and among 80% of children delivered by C-section and it is statistically significant. Both groups are at higher risk of Sensory Processing Disorder than those delivered on time by vaginal birth. Due to the results, the time and the way of the delivery are the factors that affect Sensory Processing Disorder.

The aim of this study was to assess if there are any objective changes in the viscoelastic parameters of the erector spinae muscle after Vojta stimulation. The study involved 22 healthy children at an average age of 7 months and with an Apgar score of 8–10 points, who were referred for rehabilitation due to a slight delay in the phases of psychomotor development. The first group consisted of 11 children with increased muscle tone (IMT) and the second group consisted of 11 children with non-increased muscle tone (nonIMT). All study participants received a one-time Vojta therapy session, which was continued for 4 weeks by parents at home. The viscoelastic parameters of the dorsal extensor muscle were measured three times. In the first study group, changes in the viscoelastic parameters of the extensor muscles of the back occurred immediately after the therapy at the first examination, whereas changes in the supporting and extensor function of the limbs occurred in both groups at the second examination. Analysis featuring an objective assessment allows physiotherapists to diagnose local changes in the viscoelastic parameters after the implementation of therapy. These studies are the first pilot studies to be continued with a 30- or 60-day follow-up.

The ability to maintain thermal homeostasis is one of the key criteria for the proper functioning of the organism in response to physical exercise. The aim of this work was to analyze the variations in basal temperatures, temperatures immediately after exercise, and after 15 min of restitution in selected body areas in people with Down syndrome and in the control group. Thirty-six people of both sexes were examined. Group 1 (the control group) comprised 18 healthy people whose average age was 29.89 years (± 1.41) and whose average BMI was 30.21 (± 0.92). Group 2 consisted of 18 people suffering from Down syndrome, with an average age of 27.44 (± 1.58) and an average BMI of 30.49 (± 1.73). It was determined that body surface temperatures varied in both groups, depending on the tested area. Statistically significantly lower temperature values were detected in people with Down syndrome, in all body areas. After the general rehabilitation exercise, a statistically significant decrease in body surface temperatures was observed in both groups, which was greatest in the torso area of people with Down syndrome. After a period of post-exercise restitution, people in the control group exhibited a greater efficiency of thermoregulatory processes, with mean values exceeding basal temperatures.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess if thermography as an objective and non-invasive research tool is capable of identifying the changes in the surface temperature of the body as a response to muscle stimulation in Vojta therapy. The research group consisted of children aged 3–10 months with slight abnormalities of the motor pattern, subjected to individually selected stimulation elements according to Vojta. Methods: The Vojta method of spontaneous motor assessment and the thermovision method of assessing the microcirculation properties of muscles were used for the evaluation. Results: In the study group, changes in the microcirculation parameters of the extensor muscles of the back occurred immediately after the therapy at the first examination. Conclusions: The analysis featuring an objective assessment allows physiotherapists to diagnose local temperature changes based on the effect of microcirculation parameters in the musculofascial structures. Trial registration: The research was conducted as a pilot study for a scientific project approved by the Commission for Scientific Research of the University of Health and Sport Sciences in Wroclaw No 24/2021. The study is currently in the registration process with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry.

Life-limiting conditions often cause children to be overlooked as participants in everyday activities. For parents child development should lead to independence in daily living activity. For parents of children who are disabled, independence is a step to a better quality of a child’s life. The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of functional intervention of self-service activities in children with life-limiting conditions at the age of 3–6 years of life. 32 children aged 3–6 years (N = 32, girls and boys) were followed for two years. The Progress Assessment Chart of Personal and Social Development (PPAC) H.C Gunzburg according to Witkowski inventory was used to assess. After two years of functional intervention, statistically significant improvement in everyday activities was observed in examining group. The control group showed less progress than the study group, even though the children in the control group were older. Functional intervention allows for effective work with a patient with life-limited conditions. Better progress was observed in the younger group, subjected to therapy for the existence of developmental potential occurring in children with limitations in intellectual development.