The significant increase in energy consumption has facilitated a rapid increase in offensive greenhouse gas (GHG) and CO₂ emissions. The consequences of such emissions are one of the most pivotal concerns of environmental scientists. To protect the environment, they are conducting the necessary research to protect the environment from the greenhouse effect. Among the different sources of CO₂ emission, power plants contribute the largest amount of CO₂ and as the number of power plants around the world is rising gradually due to increasing energy demand, the amount of CO₂ emission is also rising subsequently. Researchers have developed different potential technologies to capture post-combustion CO₂ capture from powerplants among which membrane-based, cryogenic, absorption and adsorption-based CO₂ processes have gained much attention due to their applicability at the industrial level. In this work, adsorption-based CO₂ technologies are comprehensively reviewed and discussed to understand the recent advancements in different adsorption technologies and several adsorbent materials. Researchers and scientists have developed and advanced different adsorption technologies including vacuum swing adsorption, temperature swing adsorption, pressure swing adsorption, and electric swing adsorption, etc. To further improve the CO₂ adsorption capacity with a compact CO₂ adsorption unit, researchers have integrated different adsorption technologies to investigate their performance, such as temperature vacuum swing adsorption, pressure vacuum swing adsorption, electric temperature pressure swing adsorption, etc. Different adsorbent materials have been tested to evaluate their applicability for CO₂ adsorption and among these adsorbents, advanced carbonaceous, non—carbonaceous, polymeric, and nanomaterials have achieved much attention due to their suitable characteristics that are required for adsorbing CO₂. Researchers have reported that higher CO₂ adsorption capacity can be achieved by integrating different adsorption technologies and employing suitable adsorbent material for that system. This comprehensive review also provides future directions that may assist researchers in developing novel adsorbent materials and gaining a proper understanding of the selection criteria for effective CO₂ adsorption processes with suitable adsorbents.

In this work, the structural, elastic, electronic, thermodynamic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of cubic phase SnTiO₃ employing first-principles calculation are examined. The calculations of all parameters via various potentials such as LDA, PBE-GGA, WC-GGA, PBEsol-GGA, mBJ-GGA, nmBJ-GGA, and HSE are performed. The computed band structure yields an indirect bandgap of 1.88 eV with the HSE approach. The optical parameters have been evaluated through absorption, dispersion, and loss function. For cubic phase SnTiO₃, the maximum absorption coefficient $\alpha \left(\omega \right)$ is 173 × 10⁴ (cm)⁻¹ at high energy region 9 eV. The thermoelectric properties of the SnTiO₃ have been explored by the Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, and power factor employing the BoltzTrap code with temperature and chemical potential. Furthermore, the thermodynamic quantities under high pressure (0–120 GPa) and temperature (0–1200 K) are also calculated.

CO₂ capture, use, and storage have been identified as significant strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions induced by the usage of fossil fuels. The current review focuses on the concepts of post-combustion capture technologies based on absorption mechanisms. Among all other developed technologies, researchers have proposed absorption as the most mature carbon capture technology for industrial-scale application. Absorption-based carbon capture can be classified into chemical and physical absorption, and researchers have developed different solvents and absorbent materials to investigate their performance in CO₂ capture. This paper comprehensively reviewed these established solvents and absorbents with their performance parameters in the CO₂ absorption approach. Besides the improvement in widely applied absorbents such as amine-based absorbents, recently, researchers have been working to develop some advanced nanomaterials such as nanofluids and nano-emulsions. This review focuses on the application of such absorption mechanisms that can contribute to capturing CO₂ in a compact, environment-friendly, and safe way. This paper also provides future research direction for further development in absorption-based CO₂ capture.

Modern manufacturing is aiming for products that are readily available, environmentally sustainable, and energy efficient. This paper delves into the exploration of compounds meeting these criteria. Specifically, we investigate the structural, elastic, optoelectronic, and transport properties of XSnBr₃ (X = Rb/Cs) compounds utilizing the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave program (FP LAPW), a component of Wien2K software. Structural optimization is carried out through the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) approach, yielding lattice constants consistent with preceding numerical and experimental studies. The explored XSnBr₃ (X = Rb/Cs) materials exhibit ductility and mechanical stability. Notably, XSnBr₃ (X = Rb/Cs) displays a direct bandgap, signifying its semiconducting nature. The bandgap values, as determined by the modified Becke–Johnson (mBJ) approach, stand at 2.07 eV for X = Rb and 2.14 eV for XSnBr₃ (X = Rb/Cs). Furthermore, utilizing the BoltzTraP software’s transport feature, we investigate thermoelectric properties. Remarkably, XSnBr₃ (X = Rb/Cs) demonstrates impressive figures of merit (ZT) at room temperature, implying its potential to serve as a material for highly efficient thermoelectric devices. This research holds promise for contributing to the development of environmentally friendly and energy-efficient technologies.

The lead halide-based perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention in the photovoltaic industry due to their high efficiency, easy manufacturing, lightweight, and low cost. However, these lead halide-based perovskite solar cells are not manufactured commercially due to lead-based toxicity. To investigate lead-free inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs), we investigated a novel Cs3Bi2I9-based perovskite configuration in SCAPS-1D software using different hole transport layers (HTLs). At the same time, WS₂ is applied as an electron transport layer (ETL). Comparative analysis of the various design configurations reveals that ITO/WS₂/Cs₃Bi₂I₉/PEDOT:PSS/Au offers the best performance with 20.12% of power conversion efficiency (PCE). After optimizing the thickness, bandgap, defect density, and carrier density, the efficiency of the configuration is increased from 20.12 to 24.91%. Improvement in other performance parameters such as short circuit current (17.325 mA/cm²), open circuit voltage (1.5683 V), and fill factor (91.66%) are also observed after tuning different attributes. This investigation indicates the potential application of Cs₃Bi₂I₉ as a lead-free and stable perovskite material that can contribute to improving the renewable energy sector.

In recent years, the increasing energy requirement and consumption necessitates further improvement in energy storage technologies to obtain high cycling stability, power and energy density, and specific capacitance. Two-dimensional metal oxide nanosheets have gained much interest due to their attractive features, such as composition, tunable structure, and large surface area which make them potential materials for energy storage applications. This review focuses on the establishment of synthesis approaches of metal oxide nanosheets (MO nanosheets) and their advancements over time, as well as their applicability in several electrochemical energy storage systems, such as fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors. This review provides a comprehensive comparison of different synthesis approaches of MO nanosheets, as well their suitability in several energy storage applications. Among recent improvements in energy storage systems, micro-supercapacitors, and several hybrid storage systems are rapidly emerging. MO nanosheets can be employed as electrode and catalyst material to improve the performance parameters of energy storage devices. Finally, this review outlines and discusses the prospects, future challenges, and further direction for research and applications of metal oxide nanosheets.