Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of genetic deficiencies of lysosomal enzymes that catabolize glycosaminoglycans (GAG). Here we describe a novel MPS-like disease caused by a specific mutation in the VPS33A gene. We identified several Yakut patients showing typical manifestations of MPS: coarse facial features, skeletal abnormalities, hepatosplenomegaly, respiratory problems, mental retardation, and excess secretion of urinary GAG. However, these patients could not be diagnosed enzymatically as MPS. They showed extremely high levels of plasma heparan sulphate (HS, one of GAG); 60 times the normal reference range and 6 times that of MPS patients. Additionally, most patients developed heart, kidney, and hematopoietic disorders, which are not typical symptoms for conventional MPS, leading to a fatal outcome between 1 and 2-years old. Using whole exome and Sanger sequencing, we identified homozygous c.1492C > T (p.Arg498Trp) mutations in the VPS33A gene of 13 patients. VPS33A is involved in endocytic and autophagic pathways, but the identified mutation did not affect either of these pathways. Lysosomal over-acidification and HS accumulation were detected in patient-derived and VPS33A-depleted cells, suggesting a novel role of this gene in lysosomal functions. We hence propose a new type of MPS that is not caused by an enzymatic deficiency.
31 January 2022 in Nauchno-prakticheskii zhurnal «Medicinskaia genetika»
Генетические изоляты - особый тип популяций, которые на протяжении многих веков держались обособленно, демонстрируя меньшую генетическую изменчивость и отличаясь по своей генетической структуре от представителей других групп. Высокая степень изоляции малочисленных популяций человека на протяжении многих поколений создавала условия для дрейфа генов. Вследствие популяционных механизмов, таких как эффект основателя или эффект бутылочного горлышка, в изолированных популяциях наблюдается отягощение генетическим грузом наследственных заболеваний, что негативно воздействует на социально-экономический уровень, а также качество жизни населения. В настоящем обзоре изложены сведения о наследственных болезнях, обнаруженных в изолированных популяциях мира, о существующих программах молекулярно-генетического скрининга гетерозиготного носительства мутаций в генах наследственных болезней и о целесообразности внедрения таких программ в практику медико-генетического консультирования.
We report a case of an eight-year-old boy with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) II with atypical skin lesions of hyperpigmented streaks along Blaschko’s lines. This case presented with mild symptoms of MPS such as hepatosplenomegaly, joint stiffness, and quite mild bone deformity, which was the reason for the delay in diagnosis until the age of seven years. However, he showed an intellectual disability that did not meet the diagnostic criteria for an attenuated form of MPS II. Iduronate 2-sulfatase activity was reduced. Clinical exome sequencing of DNA from peripheral blood revealed a novel pathogenic missense variant (NM_000202.8(IDS_v001):c.703C>A, p.(Pro235Thr)) in the IDS gene, which was confirmed in the mother with a heterozygous state. His brownish skin lesions differed from the Mongolian blue spots or “pebbling” of the skin that are observed in MPS II.
Аргументировано использование метода, основанного на технологии ДНК-микрочипов, для проведения массового молекулярно-генетического скрининга гетерозиготного носительства наследственных заболеваний.