This study presents a critical literature review on the tourist attitude–behavior gap and intention–behavior gap in sustainable tourism research and proposes future research directions. A systematic review was conducted using preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) on the existing literature from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Key research topics in attitude–behavior gaps are the role of environmental knowledge, protected area management, the role of service quality, risk perception, moral licensing, sustainability communication, business owners in tourism, environmental concern, tourist psychology, and intervention. Key research topics in the intention–behavior gaps of sustainable tourism are green certification or label, value, rationality and social desirability, motivation, trust, inconvenience, and quality. Four emerging research trends were discovered in recent years: (1) increased use of mixed methods and surveys; (2) consideration of green or environmental knowledge; (3) role of green certification; and (4) consideration of tourist moral values. Recommended future research directions include theoretical development studies in the hospitality sector, cross-cultural comparisons, investigation, of under-researched tourism sectors, and new research methodologies. This review provides an overview of research on the attitude–behavior gap and the intention–behavior gap in sustainable tourism. Our study proposes a new framework for the attitude–behavior gap and the intention–behavior gap, departing from the theory of planned behavior. We identify direct and indirect factors that influence sustainable tourist behavior, with sustainable tourist attitude and intention serving as mediators. Overall, our findings offer valuable insights into the complex relationship between attitudes, intentions, and behaviors in sustainable tourism.

The role of organizational resilience is important in an era of the new normal after COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of organizational resilience and psychological resilience on perceived well-being and employee resilience in the workplace from the internal stakeholder perspective. A new research framework has been proposed. Cross-sectional research design was employed to collect responses from 115 employees from various organizations. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Organizational resilience is associated with perceived well-being and employee resilience. Psychological resilience is associated with perceived well-being and employee resilience. Employee resilience and perceived well-being are associated with work engagement. Complex mediation models are proposed. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications are discussed.

This study investigates factors affecting university student-to-student interaction within online learning platforms. A new model was proposed based on the United Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). The single-stage cluster-sampling method was employed, and 113 university students in Hong Kong were respondents. It was found that Information Quality, Social Influence, and Facilitating Conditions affect students’ intention to interact with each other. A quasi-full mediation model was established of the mechanism from Facilitating Conditions to students’ interaction behavior. The direct effect of Facilitating Conditions on students’ interaction and the effect of System Quality on the intention of student interaction were not significant. A fast network, computing facilities, and mobile-friendly software are possible candidates of the virtual environment conditions affecting the intention of student-interaction behavior within online learning platforms.

The flipped classroom teaching method has existed for many years. Past research indicates that students could have better self-directed learning skills, more in-depth learning, higher satisfaction, and motivation to study through flipped classroom learning. However, some challenges arise for students and teachers, such as student capability; lack of preparation; low motivation to watch pre-recorded videos; and low interaction. During the pandemic period, students began engaging in online or hybrid learning. Fortunately, instructors are familiar with technology. Our study aims to investigate the flipped classroom learning readiness of university students during the pandemic era, both in face-to-face and online mode. The classes were conducted in a hybrid manner, with two groups of students under the same treatment. The results indicate that the intention to participate in the flipped classroom setting is associated with readiness and perceived control. Such an intention is also the same regardless of learning mode. Perceived behavioral control is a partial mediator between student readiness and intention to participate in flipped classroom.

Each year, final year high school students choose the university that they would prefer to attend. Past studies have found that family, friends, course availability, university reputation, distances from home, and job prospects were factors affecting students’ choice of university. However, the relative weight of these factors might have changed in the digital era; also, electronic word of mouth was ignored in the past. The purpose of this study was to identify the important factors affecting students’ university choice. We distributed a questionnaire which was completed by 472 Form 6 secondary school students in Hong Kong. Conjoint analysis was used to simulate a real situation and what human beings would do: human being usually make up their mind using a few criteria at the same time. The contribution of the study is that it reveals that electronic word of mouth is the most influential factor, followed by peer influence and university reputation, in choosing a university.

COVID-19 has struck the global travel industry, and local tourism provides a choice. However, little research has explored this market. Our study filled that research gap by incorporating three critical variables that COVID-19 brings, namely, travel anxiety, constrained travel choice, and community citizenship behavior, to extend the model of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). This study surveyed 403 residents in Hong Kong and asked them to evaluate their attitudes toward and intentions to participate in local tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic and predict their local tourism after COVID-19. Results suggested that constrained travel choices and community citizenship behaviors would, directly and indirectly, affect residents’ attitudes and intentions. Travel anxiety influenced perceived behavioral control, although that variable did not directly affect participants’ attitudes and intentions. This study has managerial implications for planning and promoting local tourism in the extended future.