Biological applications of nanomaterials as delivery carriers have been embedded in traditional biomedical research for decades. Despite lagging behind, recent significant breakthroughs in the use of nanocarriers as tools for plant biotechnology have created great interest. In this Perspective, we review the outstanding recent works in nanocarrier‐mediated plant transformation and its agricultural applications. We analyze the chemical and physical properties of nanocarriers determining their uptake efficiency and transport throughout the plant body.

Plant-derived phytochemicals have gifted humans with vast therapeutic potentials. Yet, the unique features of the blood–brain barrier significantly limit their accession to the target tissue and thus clinical translation in brain disease treatment. Herein, we explore the medicinal outcomes of both the rare examples of phytochemicals that can easily translocate across the blood–brain barrier and most of the phytochemicals that were reported with brain therapeutic effects, but a bizarre amount of dosage is required due to their chemical nature. Lastly, we offer the nanodelivery platform that is capable of optimizing the targeted delivery and application of the non-permeable phytochemicals as well as utilizing the permeable phytochemicals for boosting novel applications of nanodelivery toward brain therapies.

Background: The escalating prevalence of fertility problems in the aging population necessitates a comprehensive exploration of contributing factors, extending beyond environmental concerns, work‐related stress, and unhealthy lifestyles. Among these, the rising incidence of testicular disorders emerges as a pivotal determinant of fertility issues. Current treatment challenges are underscored by the limitations of high‐dose and frequent drug administration, coupled with substantial side effects and irreversible trauma inflicted by surgical interventions on testicular tissue.Material and methods: The formidable barrier posed by the blood–testis barrier compounds the complexities of treating testicular diseases, presenting a significant therapeutic obstacle. The advent of nanocarriers, with their distinctive attributes, holds promise in overcoming this impediment. These nanocarriers exhibit exceptional biocompatibility, and membrane penetration capabilities, and can strategically target the blood–testis barrier through surface ligand modification, thereby augmenting drug bioavailability and enhancing therapeutic efficacy.Results and discussion: This review concentrates on the transformative potential of nanocarriers in the delivery of therapeutic agents to testicular tissue. By summarizing key applications, we illuminate the strides made in utilizing nanocarriers as a novel avenue to effectively treat testicular diseases.Conclusions: Nanocarriers are critical in delivering therapeutic agents to testicular tissue.

Precision nutrition and nutrigenomics are emerging in the development of therapies for multiple diseases. The ketogenic diet (KD) is the most widely used clinical diet, providing high fat, low carbohydrate, and adequate protein. KD produces ketones and alters the metabolism of patients. Growing evidence suggests that KD has therapeutic effects in a wide range of neuronal diseases including epilepsy, neurodegeneration, cancer, and metabolic disorders. Although KD is considered to be a low-side-effect diet treatment, its therapeutic mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. Also, its induced keto-response among different populations has not been elucidated. Understanding the ketone metabolism in health and disease is critical for the development of KD-associated therapeutics and synergistic therapy under any physiological background. Here, we review the current advances and known heterogeneity of the KD response and discuss the prospects for KD therapy from a precision nutrition perspective.