Fe additives may play an important role in the preparation of aluminum-based hydrolysis hydrogen powder, with high hydrogen yield, low cost, and good oxidation resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to ascertain the effect of Fe on the hydrogen production performance of Al-Bi-Sn composite powders. According to the calculated vertical cross-section of the Al-10Bi-7Sn-(0~6)Fe (wt.%) quasi-binary system, Al-10Bi-7Sn-xFe (x = 0, 0.5, 1.5, 3) wt.% composite powders for hydrogen production were prepared by the gas-atomization method. The results showed that the Al-10Bi-7Sn-1.5Fe (wt.%) powder exhibited an extremely fast hydrogen generation rate at 50 °C, which reached 1105 mL·g⁻¹ in 27 min in distilled water, 1086 mL·g⁻¹ in 15 min in 0.1 mol·L⁻¹ NaCl solution, and 1086 mL·g⁻¹ in 15 min in 0.1 mol·L⁻¹ CaCl₂ solution. In addition, the antioxidant properties of these powders were also investigated. The results showed that the hydrogen production performance of the Al-10Bi-7Sn-1.5Fe (wt.%) powder could retain 91% of its hydrogen production activity, even though the powder was exposed to 25 °C and 60 RH% for 72 h. The addition of Fe not only promoted the hydrogen generation rate of the Al-Bi-Sn composite powders, but also improved their oxidation resistance. The Al-10Bi-7Sn-1.5Fe (wt.%) composite powder shows great potential for mobile hydrogen source scenarios with rapid hydrogen production.

Leveraging the liquid-phase immiscibility effect and phase diagram calculations, a sequence of alloy powders with varying Fe content was designed and fabricated utilizing the gas atomization method. Microstructural characterizations, employing SEM, EDS, and XRD analyses, revealed the successful formation of an incomplete shell on the surfaces of Al-Bi-Fe powders, obviating the need for Sn doping. This study systematically investigated the microstructure, hydrolysis performance, and hydrolysis process of these alloys in deionized water. Notably, Al-10Bi-7Fe exhibited the highest hydrogen production, reaching 961.0 NmL/g, while Al-10Bi-10Fe demonstrated the peak conversion rate at 92.99%. The hydrolysis activation energy of each Al-Bi-Fe alloy powder was calculated using the Arrhenius equation, indicating that a reduction in activation energy was achieved through Fe doping.

Atomic oxygen is one of the most abundant enviromental element which impacts spacecraft reliability in LEO(Leo earth orbit) space enviroment. Orbiting in LEO, the surface material of spacecraft may be eroded away through the reaction of the atomic oxygen, which seriously reduces the spcaecraft’s orbit life. Therefore, effectively testing the atomic oxygen adapation of the spacecraft, before the spacecraft launching, is the key to ensure the spacecraft can compelete the orbiting task. However, most ground simulation experiments or digital simulation technologies using to evaluate atomic oxygen adapation recently, are desighed on condition that the specimen is static in the atomic oxygen enviroment. These methods are diffcult to evaluate atomic oxygen erosion while the spacecraft’s attitude have transformed, because atomic oxygen impact is related to the orientation of specimen’s surface. Aim to this problem, this paper proposes a dynamic simulation method to evaluate atomic oxygen erosion, based on spatial geometric transformation. First, using point group to describe specimen’s surface in Cartesian coordinates. Secondly, breaking down the specimen’s attitude transformation into several static moments by interpolation calculation of equal time interval, and calculating the coordinates of point group in each moment by rotation equation. Thirdly, calculating the atomic oxygen density of the point group in every moment, accroding to the atomic oxygen density equation. Finally, from every static moment atomic oxygen density, using numerical integration to calculate accumulated flux and erosion of atomic oxygen. Using the proposed method, this paper simulates the process that several ideal geometries(including cube, sphere, cylinder and regular octahedron) rotate in the atomic oxygen particle filed. All geometries contain two kinds of materials. As a result, the simulation ouputs the 3D distribution diagram of accumulated flux and erosion which can be used to evaluate the specimen’s atomic oxygen adapation during the rotation. Compared to normal simulation experiments outputing mean erosion, the proposed method can output the 3D distribution diagram of the atomic oxygen erosion, which is more comprehensive and intutive. The proposed method can be used on the situation that the specimen is consisted of different kinds of materials and has rotated in the atomic oxygen envirment. Therefore, the proposed method can be used in more cases.

Leveraging the liquid phase immiscibility effect and phase diagram calculations, a sequence of alloy powders with varying Fe content was designed and fabricated utilizing gas atomization method. Microstructural characterizations, employing SEM, EDS, and XRD analyses, revealed the successful formation of incomplete shell on the surfaces of Al-Bi-Fe powders, obviating the need for Sn doping. This study systematically investigated the microstructure, hydrolysis performance, and hydrolysis process of these alloys in deionized water. Notably, Al-10Bi-7Fe exhibited the highest hydrogen production, reaching 961.0 Nml/g, while Al-10Bi-10Fe demonstrated the peak conversion rate at 92.99%. The hydrolysis activation energy of each Al-Bi-Fe alloy powder was calculated using the Arrhenius equation, indicating a reduction in activation energy achieved through Fe doping.