Myricasalicifolia A Rich (Myricaceae) is a tree growing in Central and East Africa. Traditionally, the plant is used to treat malaria, respiratory disorders, inflammations, and infections. A new compound, 3β-O-trans-caffeoylisomyricadiol (7), was isolated from MeOH:CHCl₃ (2:1) extract of the stem bark of Myrica salicifolia along with seven known compounds, namely, myricanone (1), myricanol (2), myricanol-11-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (3), taraxerone (4), taraxerol (5), myricadiol (6), and methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (8). This is the first report of the isolation of taraxerene-type triterpenes from this plant. The structures were determined by a comprehensive analysis of 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy, HR-MS, and by comparison with literature data. The compounds showed a wide range of DPPH scavenging activities from very weak (IC₅₀ value=282.61μM) to very strong (IC₅₀=13.48μM). Antibacterial activities of the compounds were evaluated using the disk diffusion agar method, where some of the compounds showed modest antibacterial activities against S. pyogenes and S. aureus at 250μg/mL. Compounds 2, 3, and 7 were assessed for their in silico molecular docking analysis. The lowest binding affinity for compound 7 was found to be 7.26 to 10.35kcal/mol against PqsA protein of P. aeruginosa, pyruvate kinase (PK) enzyme of S. aureus, LuxS protein of S. pyogenes, and DNA gyrase B of E. coli, which showed better binding affinity compared to the standard drug ampicillin (7.36 to 8.03kcal/mol) and ciprofloxacin (6.19 to 6.83kcal/mol). In silico ADMET predictions revealed that compounds 3 and 8 met all the requirements for pharmacokinetic properties.

This paper studied the chemical composition of cultivated 3, 4 and 5 year-old highland bamboo (Y. alpina) which were classified into three position (top, medium and bottom) to determined the main compositions especially cellulose, lignin, extractive and ash content. From all culms representative samples were converted to the required size of wood chips to prepared sample for chemical testing. Then the specimens prepared from bottom, middle and top portions for the three ages were used to determine the chemical properties in accordance to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards except for cellulose test determined according to Kurschner and Hoffer method. All parameters in the experiment were expressed by percent based on dry basis. From this research, we have found small but significant increases in mean cellulose content from the base to the top of the culm at all three ages. The lignin content in Y. alpina species of bamboo is in the ranged of 23.04 to 30.03%. The mean values of the chemical constituents in 3, 4 and 5- year-old culms were 51.83, 54.94 and 49.78% for cellulose content, 28.28, 24.99 and 24.53% for lignin content, 7.8, 10.09, and 9.54% for alcohol-toluene extractive, respectively. In general, the comprehensive knowledge of the chemical components in the bamboo species will facilitate the use of the materials in the forestry industrial sector and help to enhance their utilization in the chemical and bio-chemical related industry.