This article is aimed at analyzing the potential that CAP 2014–2020-related instruments have on supporting agroecological transitions in Europe by focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of key instruments. Through a stepwise participatory research methodology, 105 key stakeholders (farmers, advisors, academics, environment experts, administration representatives, and professionals from food chains) in 15 countries in Europe were engaged in the discussion of the potential of current CAP instruments to solve the barriers that constrain agroecological farming systems in their particular regions. The results of this comparative study show which CAP instruments are valued with a high potential to support transitions to agroecology. The analysis of the stakeholders’ perceptions contributes to an enhanced understanding of why CAP instruments have failed or succeeded to promote agroecological transitions.

The chapter examines to what extent the European Union is contributing to territorial peacebuilding through the implementation of the Peace Agreement’s ethnic approach. It is vital to support Colombia’s ethnic minorities—who are the main victims of the armed conflict and whose rights have historically been violated—in order to effectively contribute to reconciliation and positive peace. Likewise, ethnic communities have collective imaginaries and conceptions of territory that are different from those of modern society. As a result, territorial peace is in danger of replicating the liberal peace model if it does not effectively integrate these other perspectives when rebuilding governance. The conclusion of this research is that the European Union is sensitive to the situation and demands of ethnic peoples, and is supporting peace projects and initiatives with an ethnic aspect through cooperation programmes. However, in the first five years of implementation (2016–2021), it has not sufficiently supported the commitments adopted in the Peace Agreement with ethnic peoples, having underestimated the significance of the ethnic approach in its peacebuilding strategy in Colombia.

The existing information mechanisms on food insecurity are not ‘conflict sensitive’, that is, they do not sufficiently incorporate the causal relation between conflict and hunger. This generates a lack of detailed information in this respect, which hinders implementation of Security Council Resolution 2417. It is therefore necessary to advance towards an early warning system that considers the impact of the use of hunger as a weapon of war on the different dimensions of food security, and is capable of collecting empirical evidence at the local level in a regular and agile form. To that end, in this article we reflect on the existing difficulties in collecting and analysing such information, and propose theoretical and operational inputs for constructing conflict-sensitive early warning systems in contexts of acute food insecurity.