The properties of intestinal bacteria/probiotics, such as cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), auto-aggregation, and biofilm formation ability, play an important role in shaping the relationship between the bacteria and the host. The current study aimed to investigate the cell surface properties of fish intestinal bacteria and probiotics. Microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons was tested according to Kos and coauthors. The aggregation abilities of the investigated strains were studied as described by Collado and coauthors. The ability of bacterial isolates to form a biofilm was determined by performing a qualitative analysis using crystal violet staining based on the attachment of bacteria to polystyrene. These studies prove that bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) is associated with the growth medium, and the effect of the growth medium on CSH is species-specific and likely also strain-specific. Isolates of intestinal lactobacilli from fish (Salmo ischchan) differed from isolates of non-fish/shrimp origin in the relationship between auto-aggregation and biofilm formation. Average CSH levels for fish lactobacilli and E. coli might were lower compared to those of non-fish origin, which may affect the efficiency of non-fish probiotics use in fisheries due to the peculiarities of the hosts’ aquatic lifestyles.

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is one of the most popular and valuable vegetables in the world. The most common products of its industrial processing in the food industry are juice, tomato paste, various sauces, canned or sun-dried fruits and powdered products. Tomato fruits are susceptible to bacterial diseases, and bacterial contamination can be a risk factor for the safety of processed tomato products. Developments in bioinformatics allow researchers to discuss target probiotic strains from an existing large number of probiotic strains for any link in the soil–plant–animal-human chain. Based on the literature and knowledge on the “One Health” concept, this study relates to the suggestion of a new term for probiotics: “One Health probiotics”, beneficial for the unity of people, animals, and the environment. Strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, having an ability to ferment a broad spectrum of plant carbohydrates, probiotic effects in human, and animal health, as well as being found in dairy products, vegetables, sauerkraut, pickles, some cheeses, fermented sausages, fish products, and rhizospheric soil, might be suggested as one of the probable candidates for “One Health” probiotics (also, for “One Health—tomato” probiotics) for the utilization in agriculture, food processing, and healthcare.

Candidate Phyla Radiation bacteria are emerging members of the human microbiota, particularly in oral and gut environments. Saccharibacteria were previously identified in the gut microbiota of healthy individuals and women diagnosed with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), a monogenic autoinflammatory disorder prevalent in the eastern Mediterranean region, including Armenia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and diversity of Saccharibacteria spp. and its basebiont Schaalia odontolytica in FMF patients, explore gender differences, and evaluate the modulation potential of two locally produced probiotics: Lactobacillus acidophilus INMIA9602 Er317/402 (Narine^®, VITAMAX-E, Yerevan, Armenia) and Escherichia coli M-17 (Colibacteron^®, VITAMAX-E, Yerevan, Armenia). The abundance and behavior of saccharibacteria and S. odontolytica appear to vary depending on health status and sex. Placebo administration caused both quantitative and qualitative shifts, suggesting a possible interaction between Candidatus saccharibacteria spp. and Schaalia odontolytica, though the underlying biological significance remains to be clarified. Narine administration appeared to increase the abundance of Candidatus saccharibacteria operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in FMF women and S. odontolytica OTUs in FMF men, whereas Colibacteron selectively decreased certain OTUs, predominantly in FMF women. These findings underscore the need to further investigate saccharibacteria’s role in systemic inflammation and probiotic-mediated modulation of the gut microbiota.

Several dipropargylic quaternary ammonium salts were synthesized by the reaction of methyldipropargylamine with alkyl esters (C₈-C₁₂) of chloroacetic acid or haloalkanes with the number of carbon atoms C₈–C₁₀. The synthesized N-methyl-N,N-di(prop-2-yn-1-yl)alkan-1-ammonium halides (bromide and iodides), and N-(2-(alkoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-N-methyl-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)prop-2-yn-1-ammonium chlorides exhibit high antibacterial activity against gram-positive (Stаphylococcus aureus 209p and Bacillus subtilis 6633), gram-negative (Shigella Flexneri 6858 and Escherichia coli 0-55) microorganisms and antifungal activity against (Candida Albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Saccharomyces boulardii).

“Candidate Phyla Radiation” (CPR) bacteria, representing ~15 % of bacterial diversity and over 70 phyla, are extremely small bacteria that primarily survive in parasitic or symbiotic forms. CPR bacteria, including Candidatus Brownbacteria, Candidatus Hugbacteria, and Candidatus Saccharibacteria (formerly TM7), were first identified in humans in 2007. They are linked to the microbiota of healthy and diseased individuals, being present in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal, and reproductive tracts. CPR bacteria, such as Saccharibacteria, are associated with dysbiotic conditions like periodontitis and can act as pathogens and potential protectors against inflammatory damage caused by host-associated bacteria.This study aimed to assess the effect of a placebo on gut Saccharibacteria in healthy Armenian women and those with Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) disease, a condition with high prevalence in Armenia and often associated with oral microbiota disturbances. Stool samples were analyzed using a culture-independent, high-density DNA microarray method, and statistical analyses were performed with Multibase 2015 Excel Add-in program (NumericalDynamics, Tokyo, Japan). Results indicate that Saccharibacteria respond variably to placebo depending on health status, with some showing significant quantitative or qualitative changes while others remained unchanged. In conclusion, this study confirms the presence of CPR bacteria in the gut microbiota of both healthy women and those with FMF. The distinct responses of intestinal CPR bacteria to placebo highlight the importance of placebo-controlled trials in microbiota research. Furthermore, the findings emphasize the potential role of Saccharibacteria in gut-brain processes and their implications in health and disease.