Computer vision and image processing techniques have been extensively used in various fields and a wide range of applications, as well as recently in surface treatment to determine the quality of metal processing. Accordingly, digital image evaluation and processing are carried out to perform image segmentation, identification, and classification to ensure the quality of metal surfaces. In this work, a novel method is developed to effectively determine the quality of metal surface processing using computer vision techniques in real time, according to the average size of irregularities and caverns of captured metal surface images. The presented literature review focuses on classifying images into treated and untreated areas. The high computation burden to process a given image frame makes it unsuitable for real-time system applications. In addition, the considered current methods do not provide a quantitative assessment of the properties of the treated surfaces. The markup, processed, and untreated surfaces are explored based on the entropy criterion of information showing the randomness disorder of an already treated surface. However, the absence of an explicit indication of the magnitude of the irregularities carries a dependence on the lighting conditions, not allowing to explicitly specify such characteristics in the system. Moreover, due to the requirement of the mandatory use of specific area data, regarding the size of the cavities, the work is challenging in evaluating the average frequency of these cavities. Therefore, an algorithm is developed for finding the period of determining the quality of metal surface treatment, taking into account the porous matrix, and the complexities of calculating the surface tensor. Experimentally, the results of this work make it possible to effectively evaluate the quality of the treated surface, according to the criterion of the size of the resulting irregularities, with a frame processing time of 20 ms, closely meeting the real-time requirements.

In order to determine the basic conditions for further research to identify threats to cloud technologies and measures for their counteraction, the article provides an extended analysis of cloud computing as a service. Among the above services, the basic services IaaS, SaaS, PaaS are selected, which are the basis for the existence of more unified services (CaaS, MCaS, DaaS, FaaS, IPaaS, MBaaS, NaaS, SeCaa, DBaaS, MaaS, DBaaS, MaaS, DBaaS, MaaS that increase the scope. Listed are possible service providers, including Ukrainian. It is determined that in order to transfer the work of systems of engineering calculations and computer-aided design (CAD) systems to a cloud platform, a rather new promising service CAEaaS (Cоmputеr Аidеd Еnginееrіng аs а Sеrvіcе) – computer engineering systems as a service. The most popular SAEs are used in the following industries: mechanical engineering and machine tools, defense and aerospace, energy, shipbuilding, semiconductor production, telecommunications, chemical, pharmaceutical and medical industry, construction, production of heating, air conditioning, ventilation. The success of a project decision depends on the awareness of responsible choice in the very first stage. Unfortunately, in support of the CAEaaS cloud service, Ukraine is only making the first steps and can provide the technological needs of enterprises, provided the involvement of foreign suppliers. According to the authors of the article, the future of the Ukrainian industry according to the cloud service SAEaS. Because CAE helps reduce the cost and time of product development, improve product quality and durability. Design decisions can be made based on their impact on performance. Designs can be evaluated and refined using computer modeling rather than physical prototype testing, saving money and time. This article is the basis for further research on the identification of threats to cloud technologies and their response.

Roman Minailenko, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, e-mail: aron70@ukr.net, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-3783-0476 Vitalii Reznichenko, Lecturer, Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6734-6485 Oksana Konoplitska-Slobodenyuk, Lecturer, Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9981-5194 Liudmyla Polishchuk, Senior Lecturer, Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, e-mail: ORCID ID: 0000-0001-5093-1581 Abstract Cloud systems are currently the most popular concept of information systems and are the result of the evolution of a chain of methods for their construction. The main task of cloud technologies is to create a virtual cloud system consisting of virtual distributed resources. These resources provide remote provisioning of cloud access services with the required level of customer service Analysis and load balancing in cloud systems is quite an urgent task, as most open access cloud systems use simple load schedulers for their physical servers. The problem of load balancing requires a solution not when the server unexpectedly failed in the process of working on the task, which discourages users from using such a product, but at the very beginning of the project. In the early stages of design, it is acceptable to increase capacity by connecting new servers or using code optimization algorithms. But when a certain limit is reached, these measures become insufficient. The article reviews the methods of load balancing in cloud systems. It is shown that the existing methods of load balancing of cloud systems have limited use and currently there is no universal load balancing system. In addition, none of the considered methods takes into account such important components of systems as network and disk subsystem. Load balancing methods for cloud systems require improvement, the purpose of which should be the ability to fully monitor the system to meet the requirements of users and developers. Keywords cloud systems, computing resources, load balancing, performance Full Text: PDF References 1. Кarr, N. (2014). Velikij perehod: Chto govorit revoliusia oblashnyh tehnologij Elektron. dan. М.: Mann, Ivanov i Ferber [in Russian]. 2. Andreevskij, I.L. (2018). Tehnologii оoblachnyh vychislenij . Spb.: Sankt-Peterburjskij gosudarstvennyj ekonomicheskij universitet [in Russian]. 3. Caballer, M., Blanquer, I., Moltó, G. & de Alfonso C. (2015). Dynamic management of virtual infrastructures . Journal of Grid Computing. V. 13. No. 1. P. 53–70. Doi: 10.1007/s10723-014-9296-5 [in English]. 4. Giannakopoulos I., Konstantinou I., Tsoumakos D. & Koziris N. (2018). 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This article aims to consider the types of interaction, in particular the compositional interaction between objects, and to identify the characteristics of individual types. The aim of the article is to clarify the essence of the concepts of different types of relationships between classes. The article proposes a number of theses that illustrate the ambiguity of the interpretation of concepts - types of connections. In the following calculations, different types of interaction are illustrated by examples and one of the options for interpretation and classification of compositional interaction is proposed. Analysis of a number of literature sources and articles in professional forums leads to the conclusion that the question of specifying the types of interaction and determining - which of the types should be implemented in a given case, is quite complex, despite the simplicity of its formulation. Some theses: 1) At the level of the basic definitions of OOP: composition is one of the types of interaction between objects in OOP (along with aggregation and association). But even at this stage, contradictions were found, in some sources the authors describe (suggest) that aggregation and composition are subspecies of association; 2) Many publications consider the interaction of objects at the level of opposition of "inheritance" and "composition". And this approach involves considering the interaction of objects at a higher level of abstraction, it is not considered the mechanisms of OOP, but rather the philosophy of the programming paradigm and the objective way of thinking; 3) In fact, there are no clear formal rules and restrictions (most modern OOP languages are quite flexible) and a specific approach to interaction between objects in building the object hierarchy is chosen directly by the developer (architect, programmer, etc.). The question of compliance of one or another configuration of the interaction of objects with the principles of OOP is very ambiguous. The flexibility of the OOP is both an advantage and a disadvantage of the paradigm at the same time, and this particular issue of the interaction of objects once again demonstrates this fact. There are two main interpretations of the relationship, one formed in the Society of C ++ developers (taking into account the peculiarities of OOP in this programming language), the other is based on the principles and specifications of UML. Thus, although UML placed the terms "aggregation" and "composition" in a specific context ("part-whole" relationship), but the authors of the notation failed to define them clearly and unambiguously, the decision is largely left to the intuition of developers.

The article provides an overview and analysis of modern BIOS interfaces. It is shown that due to the large number of hardware and software manufacturers, there are many types of BIOS that differ from each other in terms of interface and function names. Different BIOSes offer the user a different set of options for configuring the system: Some of these options are more than enough, while others do not provide such options at all. Since modern computers are the most complex electronic devices, consisting of dozens of components, each of which in turn is built from millions of components, any mistake can lead to a failure or complete failure of the computer. If the BIOS firmware requires certain skills and knowledge, then the initial settings are quite within the power of the average user. Moreover, understanding the rules of computer operation is necessary for its competent use. You need to pay attention to a few simple tips: – before starting system setup using BIOS, you need to save all important information; – be sure to remember the set and changed value of the parameter. In case of problems in the system, it will be possible to return the previous value; – do not change unknown parameter values, but specify their values beforehand; – do not change several unrelated parameters at the same time, because in the event of a failure it will be difficult to determine which value was set incorrectly; – avoid editing the Hard Disk Utility section found in outdated BIOS versions. This can damage a modern hard drive. It is extremely important to follow these rules when updating the BIOS: - always read the documentation for the board. Most often, if the board supports work with some advanced flashing technology, the process of working with it is clearly described in the documentation; - often a readme file is added to the bin file with the firmware, which lists the differences between this version of the firmware and the previous ones. Be sure to study this information before turning to the computer and looking for new options in the BIOS; - perform the procedure in the most stable conditions, especially when it comes to power supply - it is preferable to use an uninterrupted power source; – if the system is "overclocked", it is necessary to return it to normal mode; – if problems occur during the BIOS update process, do not turn off the computer in any case. It is necessary to repeat the process or overwrite the old image that was saved first. If this does not help, you need to contact specialists to replace the chip itself, which contains the BIOS; - to protect against failed firmware, it is recommended to also save the utility itself and the image to the boot disk.