This research was carried out to determine the pollination abilities of Domat, Gemlik and Sarı Ulak olive cultivars. Pollen viability rate, germination rate and amount of pollen production were examined during the periods when 25%, 50% and 75% of the flowers were opened. According to the results obtained from three years’ experimental study, the highest percentages of pollen viability were found in Gemlik (81.51%) and Domat (81.50%), whereas Sarı Ulak cultivar (77.41%) showed the lowest viability. In pollen germination percentages, the highest values on the basis of cultivars were determined 59.85% (Domat), 59.74% (Gemlik) and 52.12% (Sarı Ulak). The highest amount of pollen production in a flower was found in the Sarı Ulak cultivar (329,046) while it was followed by Domat (319,693) and Gemlik (306,385). Despite the high pollen production in Sarı Ulak cultivar, the pollen viability and germination rates were found to be low. In Gemlik and Domat cultivars, all values were obtained relatively near. In addition, it had been noted that the values related to pollen viability, germination and production amount were higher during 50% and 75% flowering periods than 25%.

Zeytin yetiştiriciliğinde, meyve iriliği özellikle sofralık açıdan değerlendirme yapıldığında önem taşımaktadır. Bununla birlikte üreticiler hem verimin hem de kalitenin yüksek olmasını istemektedir. Bu durumda bahçe içerisinde verim artışı için mevcut çeşitlerin hem kendine hem de karşılıklı uyuşur olmaları avantaj sağlayacaktır. Çalışma Domat, Gemlik ve Sarı Ulak zeytin çeşitleri kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Her çeşit için serbest, kendine ve yabancı tozlama uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Bu çeşitlerin karşılıklı birbirini tozlama durumlarının yüksek olduğu varsayılmış ve pomolojik özellikleri bu çalışma ile ortaya konulmak istenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucuna göre; serbest tozlanmanın meyve özelliklerini arttırdığı ve farklı tozlayıcı kullanımının kaliteyi etkilediği tespit edilmiştir.

Çalışmada bitkisel materyal olarak Domat, Gemlik ve Sarı Ulak zeytin çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Çelikler 20 cm uzunluğunda yarı odun çelikleri olarak hazırlanmıştır. Uygulama, köklendirme ortamı olarak perlit ve torf kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada hümik asit, deniz yosunu ve biotarm uygulamaları ile sürgün oluşturma ve köklenme durumları takip edilmiştir. Uygulamada kullanılan Hümik asit, deniz yosunu ve Biotarm hem çeliklerin dikimi sırasında hem de köklenme tamamlanana kadar sulama suyuna eklenerek bitkilere verilmiştir. Çeliklerin sürgün uzunluğu, sürgündeki yaprak sayısı, köklenme yüzdesi, sürgün verme yüzdesi, kök sayısı ve kök uzunluğu kaydedilmiştir. İlk sürgün oluşumları Biotarm uygulaması yapılmış çeliklerde gerçekleşmiştir. Ortalama köklenme yüzdesi, kök uzunluğu ve sayısı en yüksek Biotarm uygulaması yapılmış çeliklerde bulunurken, Hümik asit ve deniz yosunu bunu takip eden uygulamalar olmuştur. Çeşitlere ait uygulamalar arasında en düşük değerler veren grup Kontrol grubu olmuştur.

The intricacies of flower biology in olive cultivars reveal variations in the occurrence of male and hermaphrodite flowers. This study endeavours to ascertain the frequency of hermaphrodite flowers over a three-year period within the ecological context of Tarsus/Mersin. Simultaneously, post-fertilization fruit abscission rates specific to each cultivar were determined. By initially quantifying flower numbers and subsequently comparing them against fruit retention rates, this research aimed to elucidate the impact of self-pollination and cross-pollination on fruit set across the examined cultivars. The period from the opening of flowers to the stage of fruit setting was found to range from 10 to 15 days. While the ratios of hermaphrodite flowers remained similar across years, the highest ratio was observed in the Domat cultivar, followed by the Sarı Ulak and Gemlik cultivars. Pollination experiments conducted on the Domat, Gemlik and Sarı Ulak cultivars revealed that fruit drop rates were highest in self-pollination practices. Conversely, foreign pollination practices resulted in lower fruit drop rates compared to self-pollination, indicating a positive impact of pollinator use on fruit retention.

The quality of olive oil is primarily influenced by cultivar, climate, soil conditions, fruit health, and processing methods. This study aimed to investigate the effects of exogenous putrescine applications on the chemical composition and quality attributes of olive oil in two cultivars: ‘Gemlik’ and ‘Kozan Yerli’. For this purpose, two different applications were made to olive trees by spraying at doses of 8 and 16 ppm. Analyses were conducted to determine free fatty acidity, fatty acid composition (by GC), biophenolic profile (by HPLC), and total phenolic content. Oleic acid was identified as the predominant fatty acid (67.45%), followed by palmitic (18.92%) and linoleic acids (16.78%). Remarkably, linoleic acid content in ‘Kozan Yerli’ nearly doubled in response to 8 ppm (13.90%) and 16 ppm (16.78%) putrescine treatments compared to the control (8.73%). Putrescine treatment reduced tyrosol content in both cultivars. Conversely, the highest levels of caffeic acid were observed in the 16 ppm treatment in ‘Gemlik’ (10.30 mg kg-1) and the 8 ppm treatment in ‘Kozan Yerli’ (66.72 mg kg-1). The findings suggest that ‘Gemlik’ cultivar may possess naturally higher endogenous putrescine levels, while the ‘Kozan Yerli’ cultivar may require further investigation in this context. These results highlight the importance of examining both intrinsic and exogenously applied putrescine in different olive cultivars to better understand its role in olive oil quality and composition.