We assessed the impact of regenerative endodontic procedures (REP) using a platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) scaffold on necrotic immature permanent anterior and posterior teeth based on the following parameters: periapical healing, changes in root development, and associations between increases in the radiographic root area (RRA), and degree of root to apical closure. The study included 50 teeth consisting of 57 roots (36 anterior and 21 posterior) treated between 2017 and 2019, with an average follow-up of two years. Complete periapical healing was achieved in 91.2% teeth, and uncertain healing was achieved in 8.8%. RRA increased in 95% of teeth and root lengthening was achieved in 86% teeth (without any mutual effect). Apical closure was significantly associated with tooth location (89% and 30% of the posterior and anterior roots, respectively). Trauma was the most common aetiology of necrotic anterior teeth, whereas caries was the only aetiology of necrotic posterior teeth. REP using PRF scaffold achieved a high success rate for periapical healing and root maturation in both anterior and posterior necrotic immature teeth. The favourable results obtained in posterior teeth may encourage the use of REP for treating necrotic immature permanent posterior teeth.

Vital partial pulpotomy (PP) or cervical pulpotomy (CP) in carious pulp-exposed permanent teeth preserves tooth vitality, promotes pulp healing, decreases treatment costs, and shortens treatment duration, which is a significant factor in treating noncooperative children. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare clinical and radiographic outcomes of partial and CP in vital carious-exposed permanent teeth. All vital permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure, treated by pulpotomy using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) during 2017–2019, by two operators in one dental center, were included in the study. Around 118 permanent teeth in 97 children and adolescents (mean age 10.9 years) were evaluated 6–57 months postoperatively. The total success rates of CP and PP were 82.5 and 80.8%, respectively (p = nonsignificant). The only factor that significantly affected the success rate was the presence of preoperative periapical pathology. Teeth without such pathology showed an 87.3% success rate compared to 74.1 and 58.3% in teeth with preoperative enlarged periodontal ligament (PDL) or with periapical radiolucency, respectively (p = 0.0301). Demographic variables, maturation state of the tooth, type of tooth (incisor, premolar, molar), postoperative variables, such as the presence of radiographic dentinal bridge, partial or full obliteration of the pulp during the follow-up period, and the integrity of the final restoration during the recall examinations did not affect the success rate of the treatment. Partial and CP in vital permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure in children and adolescents might be a reliable alternative to full root canal treatment (RCT). Yoshpe M, Kaufman AY, Lin S, et al. Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Pulpotomies in Vital Permanent Teeth with Carious Pulp Exposure: A Pioneering Retrospective Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(4):555–559.

Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) were initially designed to treat young, immature teeth. Organisations commonly endorse REP as a valid treatment for non-vital immature teeth. Despite its effectiveness, general dentists often lack exposure to REPs during their training, leading to limited awareness of the procedure. This knowledge gap amongst general dentists and specialists can result in misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment of REP-treated teeth years after the initial procedure. Therefore, we present two cases in which the misdiagnosis of long-term successful REP-treated teeth led to improper treatment, causing iatrogenic damage to long-standing successful REP-treated teeth. To mitigate such risks, we propose introducing a treatment identification card that briefly describes the REP treatment and recommendations for further treatments.