Mexico is among the five countries with the largest number of reported deaths from COVID-19 disease, and the mortality rates associated to infections are heterogeneous in the country due to structural factors concerning population. This study aims at the analysis of clusters related to mortality rate from COVID-19 at the municipal level in Mexico from the perspective of Data Science. In this sense, a new application is presented that uses a machine learning hybrid algorithm for generating clusters of municipalities with similar values of sociodemographic indicators and mortality rates. To provide a systematic framework, we applied an extension of the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) methodology called Batch Foundation Methodology for Data Science (FMDS). For the study, 1,086,743 death certificates corresponding to the year 2020 were used, among other official data. As a result of the analysis, two key indicators related to mortality from COVID-19 at the municipal level were identified: one is population density and the other is percentage of population in poverty. Based on these indicators, 16 municipality clusters were determined. Among the main results of this research, it was found that clusters with high values of mortality rate had high values of population density and low poverty levels. In contrast, clusters with low density values and high poverty levels had low mortality rates. Finally, we think that the patterns found, expressed as municipality clusters with similar characteristics, can be useful for decision making by health authorities regarding disease prevention and control for reinforcing public health measures and optimizing resource distribution for reducing hospitalizations and mortality.

One of the ways of acquiring new knowledge or underlying patterns in data is by means of clustering algorithms or techniques for creating groups of objects or individuals with similar characteristics in each group and at the same time different from the other groups. There is a consensus in the scientific community that the most widely used clustering algorithm is K-means, mainly because its results are easy to interpret and there are different implementations. In this paper we present an exploratory analysis of the behavior of the main variants of the K-means algorithm (HartiganWong, Lloyd, Forgy and MacQueen) when solving some of the difficult sets of instances from the Fundamental Clustering Problems Suite (FCPS) benchmark. These variants are implemented in the R language and allow finding the minimum and maximum intra-cluster distance of the final clustering. The different scenarios are shown with the results obtained.

Predicting the values of a financial time series is mainly a function of its price history, which depends on several factors, internal and external. With this history, it is possible to build an ∊-machine for predicting the financial time series. This work proposes considering the influence of a financial series through the transfer of entropy when the values of the other financial series are known. A method is proposed that considers the transfer of entropy for breaking the ties that occur when calculating the prediction with the ∊-machine. This analysis is carried out using data from six financial series: two American, the S&P 500 and the Nasdaq; two Asian, the Hang Seng and the Nikkei 225; and two European, the CAC 40 and the DAX. This work shows that it is possible to influence the prediction of the closing value of a series if the value of the influencing series is known. This work showed that the series that transfer the most information through entropy transfer are the American S&P 500 and Nasdaq, followed by the European DAX and CAC 40, and finally the Asian Nikkei 225 and Hang Seng.

In recent years, the mortality due to diabetes has increased around the world. In particular, diabetes is the second leading cause of mortality in Mexico, with a heterogeneous distribution of mortality rates at the municipality level. The objective of this study is the analysis of clusters of municipalities with similar values for sociodemographic indices and diabetes mortality. In this sense, an application is presented that was developed using a data science methodology and a machine learning algorithm called fuzzy c-means. For this research, 4,604,360 death certificates from 2019 to 2023 were assessed, among other official data. As a result of the analysis, two key indicators related to diabetes mortality were found, i.e., one is the percentage of population in poverty and the other is population density. The main results of this research are as follows: a direct correlation was found between population density and mortality, and an inverse correlation was found between population in poverty and mortality. In the study interval, it was observed that the cluster with less mortality showed an increase in mortality rate year after year. Finally, we consider that the tendencies found can be useful to public health authorities for optimizing the distribution of resources for treating diabetes and reducing diabetes-related mortality.

Se presenta la paralelización del Cooperation Greedy Monkey Algorithm y el ajuste de parámetros para resolver el problema KP 0-1 (0-1 Knapsack Problem). Los problemas resueltos son tomados de la literatura especializada hasta las instancias establecidas por Pisinger, las no correlacionadas, las débilmente correlacionadas y las fuertemente correlacionadas. Se amplía la capacidad de solución del algoritmo para resolver instancias con diferentes porcentajes del 25% y 50% de la suma de los pesos de los elementos, y no únicamente el 75% como está diseñado el algoritmo originalmente. Se utilizó un modelo maestro-esclavo para su implementación paralela en un cluster de 5 servidores. Los resultados son alentadores y en algunas ocasiones se calcula la solución óptima.