Because of the extraordinary advancements in biomedical nanotechnology over the last few decades, traditional drug delivery systems have been transformed into smart drug delivery systems that respond to stimuli. These well-defined nanoplatforms can boost therapeutic targeting efficacy while reducing the side effects/toxicities of payloads, which are crucial variables for enhancing patient compliance by responding to specific internal or external triggers. Cubosomes are lipid-based nano systems that are analogous to well-known vesicular systems, such as lipo- and niosomes. They could be used as part of a unique drug delivery system that includes hydro-, lipo-, and amphiphilic drug molecules. In this review, we critically analyze the relevant literature on cubosomesregarding theories of cubosomeself-assembly, composition, and manufacturing methods, with an emphasis on tumor-targeted drug delivery applications. Due to the bioadhesive and -compatible nature of cubosome dispersion, this review also focuses on a variety of drug delivery applications, including oral, ophthalmic and transdermal.

Hemicelluloses are biopolymers with versatile properties for biomedical applications. Herein, hemicellulose (arabinoxylan)-based antibacterial film dressings were prepared and characterized. Arabinoxylan was isolated from psyllium husk. Blank and gentamicin-loaded films were prepared by the solvent cast method using glycerol as the plasticizer. The appropriate composition of the films was obtained by varying the amounts of arabinoxylan, glycerol, and gentamicin. The films were found to be transparent, smooth, bubble-free, flexible, and easily peelable with 2% to 3% arabinoxylan. They had uniform thickness and swelled up to 60% of their initial size. The mechanical properties and water vapor transmission rate through the films were found to be suitable for wound-dressing application. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed drug–film compatibility. In an in vitro release study, more than 85% of the gentamicin was released from the films in 12 h. The antibacterial activities of the gentamicin-loaded films were found to be close to the standard gentamicin solution. The films were found to be cytocompatible in cell viability assay. These results suggested that hemicellulose-based films are promising materials for the dressing of infected wounds.

The arylidene indolin-2-ones showed significant dual biological activity against MCF-T cancer cell lines and Candida species. The most promising molecule for further investigation contains an m-aminophenyl fragment.

In our previous findings, the methanol extract of A. elliptica (MEL) exhibited platelet-activating factor inhibition, indicating possible anti-inflammatory properties. Despite its ethnopharmacological significance, no studies have thoroughly investigated its anti-inflammatory potential. Based on our preliminary findings, we hypothesised that MEL might exert anti-inflammatory effects by modulating key inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6). The cytotoxicity of MEL was assessed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. In vitro, anti-inflammatory activity was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human plasma through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a radioimmunoassay. In addition, the phytochemical profile of MEL was characterised using LC–ESI–MS/MS spectrometry. The extract demonstrated no cytotoxic effects at 20 μg/mL concentrations. MEL exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity, with notable inhibition of PGE2 (76.18%) and COX-2 (80.12%), as well as pronounced reductions in IL-1β and IL-6 levels, corresponding to 11.6-fold and ninefold decreases at 10 μg/mL, respectively. Concentration-dependent effects were observed, with IC₅₀ values of 4.09, 5.81, 2.12, and 1.97 μg/mL for PGE2, COX-2, IL-1β, and IL-6, respectively. LC–ESI–MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of 30 bioactive compounds, including Gramine, Eruberin B, and Grossamide, which likely contributed to the extract’s anti-inflammatory effects. In conclusion, MEL abrogated LPS-induced inflammatory responses in human plasma at non-cytotoxic concentrations, demonstrating its potential as a natural anti-inflammatory agent. Furthermore, this study is the first to report the phytochemical composition of A. elliptica leaves, providing insights into its bioactive constituents and therapeutic potential.