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Prof. Dr. Vasilis Kanakoudis
University of Thessaly, Civil Engineering Department

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0 Hydraulic analysis and modeling
0 water pipe networks
0 water audit
0 water pricing

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Journal article
Published: 04 August 2021 in Water
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Disinfection is one of the most important water treatment processes as it inactivates pathogens providing safe drinking water to the consumers. A fresh-water distribution network is a complex system where constant monitoring of several parameters and related managerial decisions take place in order for the network to operate in the most efficient way. However, there are cases where some of the decisions made to improve the network’s performance level, such as reduction of water losses, may have negative impacts on other significant operational processes such as the disinfection. In particular, the division of a water distribution network into district metered areas (DMAs) and the application of various pressure management measures may impact the effectiveness of the water chlorination process. Two operational measures are assessed in this paper: (a) the use of inline chlorination boosters to achieve more efficient chlorination; and (b) how the DMAs formation impacts the chlorination process. To achieve this, the water distribution network of a Greek town is chosen as a case study where several scenarios are being thoroughly analyzed. The assessment process utilizes the network’s hydraulic simulation model, which is set up in Watergems V8i software, forming the baseline to develop the network’s water quality model. The results proved that inline chlorination boosters ensure a more efficient disinfection, especially at the most remote parts/nodes of the network, compared to conventional chlorination processes (e.g., at the water tanks), achieving 100% safe water volume and consuming almost 50% less chlorine mass. DMAs’ formation results in increased water age values up to 8.27%, especially at the remote parts/nodes of the network and require more time to achieve the necessary minimum effective chlorine concentration of 0.2 mg/L. However, DMAs formation and pressure management measures do not threaten the chlorination’s efficiency. It is important to include water age and residual chlorine as criteria when optimizing water pressure and the division of DMAs.

ACS Style

Stavroula Tsitsifli; Vasilis Kanakoudis. Assessing the Impact of DMAs and the Use of Boosters on Chlorination in a Water Distribution Network in Greece. Water 2021, 13, 2141 .

AMA Style

Stavroula Tsitsifli, Vasilis Kanakoudis. Assessing the Impact of DMAs and the Use of Boosters on Chlorination in a Water Distribution Network in Greece. Water. 2021; 13 (16):2141.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stavroula Tsitsifli; Vasilis Kanakoudis. 2021. "Assessing the Impact of DMAs and the Use of Boosters on Chlorination in a Water Distribution Network in Greece." Water 13, no. 16: 2141.

Journal article
Published: 17 December 2020 in Water
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Flood simulation and hydrodynamic modeling of river flow require a dense sequence of river cross-sections. These cross-sections should be perpendicular to the flow path and are usually obtained through an in-field survey that is both a costly and time-consuming procedure. An alternative way to get these river cross-sections is to extract them from Digital Elevation Models (DEM). The accuracy achieved, though, depends on the quality and the resolution of the DEM available. Although there are specialized computer programs available for this process, the entire work must be mainly done manually. Some researchers have presented methods for the automatic extraction, but the cross-sections “produced” are restricted to be planar. This restriction does not ensure that they are perpendicular to the flow at all positions and does not allow them to be close to each other. In this paper, a new method is presented that, along with the algorithm developed, is fully parametric and allows non-planar (or dog-legged) river cross-sections to be extracted. These cross-sections offer two important advantages: (a) they are perpendicular to the flow at each subsection; and (b) they allow a much denser sequence to be formed. Moreover, as the proposed procedure is fully parametric, it can be repeated as many times as necessary, simply by altering any of the specified parameters, until the desirable result is achieved.

ACS Style

Ioannis Petikas; Evangelos Keramaris; Vasilis Kanakoudis. A Novel Method for the Automatic Extraction of Quality Non-Planar River Cross-Sections from Digital Elevation Models. Water 2020, 12, 3553 .

AMA Style

Ioannis Petikas, Evangelos Keramaris, Vasilis Kanakoudis. A Novel Method for the Automatic Extraction of Quality Non-Planar River Cross-Sections from Digital Elevation Models. Water. 2020; 12 (12):3553.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ioannis Petikas; Evangelos Keramaris; Vasilis Kanakoudis. 2020. "A Novel Method for the Automatic Extraction of Quality Non-Planar River Cross-Sections from Digital Elevation Models." Water 12, no. 12: 3553.

Editorial
Published: 16 October 2020 in Water
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This Special Issue addresses topics on the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus along with other water-related topics, such as water resources, irrigation and drinking water supply systems, hydraulics and pollution. Several threats jeopardize freshwater availability and quality, energy and food availability. Integrated management approaches are absolutely necessary for pursuing sustainability. This Special Issue addresses various subjects and includes 29 peer-reviewed papers that have been grouped into the following categories: the WEF nexus, water resources and irrigation systems, drinking water supply systems, hydraulics and pollution. Some of them were selected from the Third Efficient Water Systems (EWaS) International Conference, entitled “Insights on the Water–Energy–Food Nexus,” after a thorough content update. Summaries of the papers are briefly presented in this Editorial.

ACS Style

Vasilis Kanakoudis; Stavroula Tsitsifli. Insights on the Water–Energy–Food Nexus. Water 2020, 12, 2882 .

AMA Style

Vasilis Kanakoudis, Stavroula Tsitsifli. Insights on the Water–Energy–Food Nexus. Water. 2020; 12 (10):2882.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vasilis Kanakoudis; Stavroula Tsitsifli. 2020. "Insights on the Water–Energy–Food Nexus." Water 12, no. 10: 2882.

Journal article
Published: 16 May 2020 in Water
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Disinfection is a very significant water treatment process for drinking water safety, as it inactivates pathogens from drinking water. However, disinfection-by-products (DBPs) are formed which are accused of contributing to cancer and reproductive/developmental effects. Research has provided many predictive models for the formation of DBPs based on various water quality parameters and following different methodologies. The present study aims at developing predictive models for the formation of DBPs in two drinking water supply systems in Greece. Data from the water supply systems are used. A statistical analysis took place to identify the predictive models for the formation of Total trihalomethanes (TTHMs). The results showed that some of the developed models are more reliable than others. However, further study is necessary in order to obtain more data on variables that are affecting trihalomethanes (THMs) formation. Such models can be used mainly locally.

ACS Style

Stavroula Tsitsifli; Vasilis Kanakoudis. Developing THMs’ Predictive Models in Two Water Supply Systems in Greece. Water 2020, 12, 1422 .

AMA Style

Stavroula Tsitsifli, Vasilis Kanakoudis. Developing THMs’ Predictive Models in Two Water Supply Systems in Greece. Water. 2020; 12 (5):1422.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stavroula Tsitsifli; Vasilis Kanakoudis. 2020. "Developing THMs’ Predictive Models in Two Water Supply Systems in Greece." Water 12, no. 5: 1422.

Journal article
Published: 07 May 2020 in Water
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In this paper, the effects of pressure regulation in a water distribution network (WDN) are being examined. Quality is hammered the most when pressure is reduced in a WDN and this occurs due to the increase in the age of water flowing inside the network pipes (water age is actually the total time the water remains inside the pipes before reaching the customer’s tap). Kos town WDN is used as the case study network. Kos town is the capital of the homonymous Greek island, among the most famous and popular of the Greek islands. The specific WDN is quite typical but very interesting, as it is extended along the seafront. The network’s hydraulic simulation model was developed through the WaterCad V8i software. As Kos experiences too high-water demand peaks and lows during summer and winter time, respectively, its WDN has already been thoroughly studied, in order to regulate the pressure and reduce its annual water loss rates. Nevertheless, these scenarios have never been examined regarding the impact on water quality. In the current study, the division of the WDN in District Metered Areas (DMAs) and the use of a Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV) in the entering node of each DMA are being evaluated in terms of water age. Additionally, a swift optimization process takes place to produce different DMAs’ borders, based on the criteria of minimum nodal water age, instead of optimal pressure. Different scenarios were tested on the calibrated and validated hydraulic model of Kos town WDN.

ACS Style

Menelaos Patelis; Vasilis Kanakoudis; Anastasia Kravvari. Pressure Regulation vs. Water Aging in Water Distribution Networks. Water 2020, 12, 1323 .

AMA Style

Menelaos Patelis, Vasilis Kanakoudis, Anastasia Kravvari. Pressure Regulation vs. Water Aging in Water Distribution Networks. Water. 2020; 12 (5):1323.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Menelaos Patelis; Vasilis Kanakoudis; Anastasia Kravvari. 2020. "Pressure Regulation vs. Water Aging in Water Distribution Networks." Water 12, no. 5: 1323.

Journal article
Published: 13 March 2020 in Water
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A method for the calculation of multiple critical depths in compound and natural channels, using an adaptive cubic polynomials algorithm (ACPA), is presented in this paper. The algorithm is based on the approximation of the specific energy with multiple cubic polynomials. The roots of these polynomials’ derivatives are determined to calculate all local minima and maxima. These extremities yield the critical depths. Furthermore, the Froude number can be calculated at any elevation by applying a simple formula after calculating the derivative of the corresponding polynomial, which contains the given elevation. The algorithm developed was tested on various compound and natural channels. Its results were then compared with the results provided by the HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center – River Analysis System) computer program, proving that in some cases ACPA results were more accurate than those of HEC-RAS. This has to do with the fact that HEC-RAS algorithm determines a single critical depth and is better fitted to simple prismatic channels. On the other hand, the ACPA algorithm is able to calculate all critical depths of a natural or compound channel, providing thus more accurate results.

ACS Style

Ioannis Petikas; Evangelos Keramaris; Vasilis Kanakoudis. Calculation of Multiple Critical Depths in Open Channels Using an Adaptive Cubic Polynomials Algorithm. Water 2020, 12, 799 .

AMA Style

Ioannis Petikas, Evangelos Keramaris, Vasilis Kanakoudis. Calculation of Multiple Critical Depths in Open Channels Using an Adaptive Cubic Polynomials Algorithm. Water. 2020; 12 (3):799.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ioannis Petikas; Evangelos Keramaris; Vasilis Kanakoudis. 2020. "Calculation of Multiple Critical Depths in Open Channels Using an Adaptive Cubic Polynomials Algorithm." Water 12, no. 3: 799.

Proceedings
Published: 01 January 2020 in Environmental Sciences Proceedings
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Water distribution networks suffer from high levels of water losses due to leaks and breaks, mainly due to high operating pressure. One of the most well-known methods to reduce water losses is pressure management. However, when the operating pressure in a water distribution network reduces, the time the water stays within the network (called water age) increases. Increased water age means deteriorated water quality. In this paper, water pressure in relation to water age is addressed in a water distribution network in Greece. Using simulation and optimization tools, the optimum solution is found to reduce water age and operating pressure at the same time. In addition, District Metered Areas are formed and water age is optimized.

ACS Style

Nikolaos Kourbasis; Menelaos Patelis; Stavroula Tsitsifli; Vasilis Kanakoudis. Optimizing Water Age and Pressure in Drinking Water Distribution Networks. Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2020, 2, 51 .

AMA Style

Nikolaos Kourbasis, Menelaos Patelis, Stavroula Tsitsifli, Vasilis Kanakoudis. Optimizing Water Age and Pressure in Drinking Water Distribution Networks. Environmental Sciences Proceedings. 2020; 2 (1):51.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nikolaos Kourbasis; Menelaos Patelis; Stavroula Tsitsifli; Vasilis Kanakoudis. 2020. "Optimizing Water Age and Pressure in Drinking Water Distribution Networks." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2, no. 1: 51.

Editorial
Published: 01 January 2020 in Environmental Sciences Proceedings
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It is a privilege and pleasure to write the preface of the fourth conference of the EWaS Series of International Conferences!

ACS Style

Vasilis Kanakoudis; Evangelos Keramaris. The 4th EWaS International Conference: Valuing the Water, Carbon, Ecological Footprints of Human Activities. Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2020, 2, 62 .

AMA Style

Vasilis Kanakoudis, Evangelos Keramaris. The 4th EWaS International Conference: Valuing the Water, Carbon, Ecological Footprints of Human Activities. Environmental Sciences Proceedings. 2020; 2 (1):62.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vasilis Kanakoudis; Evangelos Keramaris. 2020. "The 4th EWaS International Conference: Valuing the Water, Carbon, Ecological Footprints of Human Activities." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2, no. 1: 62.

Proceedings
Published: 01 January 2020 in Environmental Sciences Proceedings
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Although disinfection is a crucial process for the safety of drinking water, it is responsible for the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) being accused of severe health problems. The present study presents the development of models predicting trihalomethanes (THMs) in a drinking water supply system in Greece. Although some of the developed models can be used for the prediction of THMs, they are site-specific and cannot be used extensively.

ACS Style

Stavroula Tsitsifli; Vasilis Kanakoudis. Total and Specific THMs’ Prediction Models in Drinking Water Pipe Networks. Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2020, 2, 55 .

AMA Style

Stavroula Tsitsifli, Vasilis Kanakoudis. Total and Specific THMs’ Prediction Models in Drinking Water Pipe Networks. Environmental Sciences Proceedings. 2020; 2 (1):55.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stavroula Tsitsifli; Vasilis Kanakoudis. 2020. "Total and Specific THMs’ Prediction Models in Drinking Water Pipe Networks." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2, no. 1: 55.

Proceedings
Published: 01 January 2020 in Environmental Sciences Proceedings
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A drinking water supply system is an extraordinarily complex system—consisting of kilometers of pipes and various tanks, valves, pumps, and other equipment. This complexity makes it extremely vulnerable to physical, chemical, and/or biological hazards. Therefore, the vulnerability assessment of a drinking water supply system to identify the critical control points is absolutely necessary. This paper assesses the vulnerability of the drinking water supply systems. The assessment is elaborated in systems using water from surface water bodies and groundwater bodies. The critical control points are identified using a risk assessment methodology (identifying the probability of the hazard occurrence and its effect or severity) where the monitoring parameters, and the corrective actions are determined.

ACS Style

Stavroula Tsitsifli; Vasilis Kanakoudis. Determining Hazards’ Prevention Critical Control Points in Water Supply Systems. Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2020, 2, 53 .

AMA Style

Stavroula Tsitsifli, Vasilis Kanakoudis. Determining Hazards’ Prevention Critical Control Points in Water Supply Systems. Environmental Sciences Proceedings. 2020; 2 (1):53.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stavroula Tsitsifli; Vasilis Kanakoudis. 2020. "Determining Hazards’ Prevention Critical Control Points in Water Supply Systems." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2, no. 1: 53.

Proceedings
Published: 01 January 2020 in Environmental Sciences Proceedings
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Drinking water distribution networks are among the most resilient infrastructure systems to disasters, specifically hazards such as accidental pollution, floods, droughts, earthquakes, and pandemics. Water operators experiencing these kinds of hazards should focus on the establishment of more effective response systems. The paper presents the outputs and results of improving response time and effectiveness of the capacity developed by national, bilateral, and EU Civil Protection mechanisms. The methodology used for the hazard risk assessment procedures and the analysis of the Water Safety Plans (WSPs) lead to improved preparedness mechanisms. The results showed that water use efficiency is a key component in resiliency.

ACS Style

Anastasia Papadopoulou; Vasilis Kanakoudis. MUHA Project: Forming a Roadmap for Disaster-Safer Communities Moving from Response to Resilience. Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2020, 2, 66 .

AMA Style

Anastasia Papadopoulou, Vasilis Kanakoudis. MUHA Project: Forming a Roadmap for Disaster-Safer Communities Moving from Response to Resilience. Environmental Sciences Proceedings. 2020; 2 (1):66.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anastasia Papadopoulou; Vasilis Kanakoudis. 2020. "MUHA Project: Forming a Roadmap for Disaster-Safer Communities Moving from Response to Resilience." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2, no. 1: 66.

Journal article
Published: 06 February 2019 in Water
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Water pressure management in a water distribution network (WDN) is a key component applied to achieve desirable water quality as well as a trouble-free operation of the network. This paper presents a hybrid, two-stage approach, to provide optimal separation of a WDN into District Metered Areas (DMAs), improving both water age and pressure. The first stage aims to divide the WDN into smaller areas via the Geometric Partitioning method, which is based on Recursive Coordinate Bisection (RCB). Subsequently, the Student’s t-mixture model (SMM) is applied to each area, providing an optimal placement of isolation valves and separating the network in DMAs. The model is evaluated on a realistic network generated through Watergems and is compared against one variation of it implemented, including the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) as well as the Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach, obtaining impressive performance. The implementation of both stages was deployed in a MATLAB environment through the Epanet toolkit. The proposed system is very promising, especially for large size WDNs due to the decreased running time and noteworthy reduction of pressure and water age.

ACS Style

Stavroula Chatzivasili; Katerina Papadimitriou; Vasilis Kanakoudis. Optimizing the Formation of DMAs in a Water Distribution Network through Advanced Modelling. Water 2019, 11, 278 .

AMA Style

Stavroula Chatzivasili, Katerina Papadimitriou, Vasilis Kanakoudis. Optimizing the Formation of DMAs in a Water Distribution Network through Advanced Modelling. Water. 2019; 11 (2):278.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stavroula Chatzivasili; Katerina Papadimitriou; Vasilis Kanakoudis. 2019. "Optimizing the Formation of DMAs in a Water Distribution Network through Advanced Modelling." Water 11, no. 2: 278.

Editorial
Published: 31 January 2019 in Water
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Real water losses in water distribution systems may well be considered a potential water resource, as the significant water volumes being wasted through these physical losses should be replaced eventually. Advanced tools and strategies can be used for the efficient and sustainable management of water resources toward circular economy. The present Special Issue presents new perspectives for water networks management. The 10 peer-reviewed papers collected in this Special Issue have been grouped in two categories—drinking water supply systems and water resources and irrigation systems. These papers are being briefly presented in this Editorial.

ACS Style

Vasilis Kanakoudis; Stavroula Tsitsifli. Water Networks Management: New Perspectives. Water 2019, 11, 239 .

AMA Style

Vasilis Kanakoudis, Stavroula Tsitsifli. Water Networks Management: New Perspectives. Water. 2019; 11 (2):239.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vasilis Kanakoudis; Stavroula Tsitsifli. 2019. "Water Networks Management: New Perspectives." Water 11, no. 2: 239.

Proceedings
Published: 01 January 2018 in Proceedings
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The goal of this article is to study the impact that pressure management in distribution systems has, on the quality of the supplied water in terms of its water age, using the water distribution network of Kos city, capital of Kos Island in Greece was used as the case study network. This was achieved through network simulation using the Watercad V8i software, followed by the division of the network in district metered areas (DMA) and the placement of pressure reducing valves (PRV) in the entering nodes of each DMA. Research aimed also to optimize DMAs’ borders using the water age as the optimization criterion, instead of maximum pressure reduction. Different scenarios were tested on the calibrated and validated hydraulic model of Kos city water distribution network.

ACS Style

Anastasia Kravvari; Vasilis Kanakoudis; Menelaos Patelis. The Impact of Pressure Management Techniques on the Water Age in an Urban Pipe Network—The Case of Kos City Network. Proceedings 2018, 2, 699 .

AMA Style

Anastasia Kravvari, Vasilis Kanakoudis, Menelaos Patelis. The Impact of Pressure Management Techniques on the Water Age in an Urban Pipe Network—The Case of Kos City Network. Proceedings. 2018; 2 (11):699.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anastasia Kravvari; Vasilis Kanakoudis; Menelaos Patelis. 2018. "The Impact of Pressure Management Techniques on the Water Age in an Urban Pipe Network—The Case of Kos City Network." Proceedings 2, no. 11: 699.

Proceedings
Published: 01 January 2018 in Proceedings
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Water use efficiency is a crucial issue in drinking water utilities as it is connected to environmental and economic consequences. WATenERgy CYCLE project aims at developing a methodological approach towards efficient and effective transnational water and energy resources management in the Balkan–Mediterranean area. The paper presents the results of performance evaluation of the water supply systems of the water utilities involved in the project, both at local and national level. The methodology used in the water balance and performance indicators as well as data on the operational status of the water supply systems. The results showed that Non-Revenue Water is one of the major problems addressed.

ACS Style

Stavroula Tsitsifli; Anastasia Papadopoulou; Vasilis Kanakoudis; Konstantinos Gonelas. Water Use Efficiency Current Status Assessment in the Context of WATenERgy CYCLE Project. Proceedings 2018, 2, 602 .

AMA Style

Stavroula Tsitsifli, Anastasia Papadopoulou, Vasilis Kanakoudis, Konstantinos Gonelas. Water Use Efficiency Current Status Assessment in the Context of WATenERgy CYCLE Project. Proceedings. 2018; 2 (11):602.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stavroula Tsitsifli; Anastasia Papadopoulou; Vasilis Kanakoudis; Konstantinos Gonelas. 2018. "Water Use Efficiency Current Status Assessment in the Context of WATenERgy CYCLE Project." Proceedings 2, no. 11: 602.

Proceedings
Published: 01 January 2018 in Proceedings
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In the last three decades, the need of achieving a reliable water distribution system has become more eminent for both the consumer’s satisfaction and the efficient management of water sources. The purpose of this paper is to provide an optimal separation of a water distribution network (WDN) into District Metered Areas (DMAs) in order to ensure that the delivered water is of proper age and pressure. At first, the water distribution network is divided into smaller areas via the method of Geometric Partitioning, which is based on Recursive Coordinate Bisection (RCB). Subsequently, Gaussian Mixture Modelling (GMM) solution is applied, obtaining an optimal placement of isolation valves and separation of the WDN into DMAs. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated on two different networks and is compared against the Genetic Algorithm (GA) tool, constituting a very promising approach, especially for sizeable water distribution networks due to the diminished running time and the noteworthy reduction of pressure and water age.

ACS Style

Stavroula Chatzivasili; Katerina Papadimitriou; Vasilis Kanakoudis; Menelaos Patelis. Optimizing the Formation of DMAs in a Water Distribution Network Applying Geometric Partitioning (GP) and Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs). Proceedings 2018, 2, 601 .

AMA Style

Stavroula Chatzivasili, Katerina Papadimitriou, Vasilis Kanakoudis, Menelaos Patelis. Optimizing the Formation of DMAs in a Water Distribution Network Applying Geometric Partitioning (GP) and Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs). Proceedings. 2018; 2 (11):601.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stavroula Chatzivasili; Katerina Papadimitriou; Vasilis Kanakoudis; Menelaos Patelis. 2018. "Optimizing the Formation of DMAs in a Water Distribution Network Applying Geometric Partitioning (GP) and Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs)." Proceedings 2, no. 11: 601.

Review
Published: 01 January 2018 in Proceedings
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Drinking water supply safety is of paramount importance for human health. Disinfection is considered as one of the most significant water treatment processes as it inactivates pathogens from drinking water. However, disinfection might have adverse effects in human health, as disinfection by-products, blamed for cancer and reproductive/developmental effects, are formed. Many predictive models and optimization tools are developed in the research. However, an early warning system integrating monitoring, modelling and optimization tools is lacking. The paper reviews the disinfection methods and the models developed so far and presents the basic principles for the development of an early warning system.

ACS Style

Stavroula Tsitsifli; Vasilis Kanakoudis. Disinfection Impacts to Drinking Water Safety—A Review. Proceedings 2018, 2, 603 .

AMA Style

Stavroula Tsitsifli, Vasilis Kanakoudis. Disinfection Impacts to Drinking Water Safety—A Review. Proceedings. 2018; 2 (11):603.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stavroula Tsitsifli; Vasilis Kanakoudis. 2018. "Disinfection Impacts to Drinking Water Safety—A Review." Proceedings 2, no. 11: 603.

Editorial
Published: 19 August 2017 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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ACS Style

Vasilis Kanakoudis; George Karatzas. Efficient and sustainable water systems management toward worth living development. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2017, 24, 20119 -20121.

AMA Style

Vasilis Kanakoudis, George Karatzas. Efficient and sustainable water systems management toward worth living development. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017; 24 (25):20119-20121.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vasilis Kanakoudis; George Karatzas. 2017. "Efficient and sustainable water systems management toward worth living development." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, no. 25: 20119-20121.

Articles
Published: 17 June 2015 in DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
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Water pressure management (PM) is one of the most cost-effective ways for a water utility to reduce water leakage, pipes’ bursts, improve the level of services provided to its customers and lower its operating expenses. The present paper presents a pilot pressure management project designed for the water distribution system of Kos Town (capital of Kos Island, Greece). Kos Town experiences extreme variations regarding its population served by the local water utility between summer and winter. The PM implementation was achieved by developing the system’s hydraulic simulation model using the commercial software, Watergems V8i. For the water demand allocation of the model, the spatial allocation of water demand at street level approach was used because the customers’ water meters were not geo-referenced. The results were compared to multiplicatively weighted Voronoi diagram method’s results and to field measurements. The simulation process took into account the respective demand patterns of the various types of urban water uses, considering the water volume being lost through leaks/breaks occurring in the pipe network, as a competitive use. Each kind of water used was divided into a pressure dependent part and a volume depended one. Both parts were introduced to the model. The designing phase of the PM included the formation of district metered areas and Pressure Reducing Valves (PRVs) installation. The reduction in pressure within acceptable regulation limits resulted in the reduced needs of System Input Volume (SIV), due to significant reduction of anticipated water losses and authorized consumption, as both these “water uses” are pressure dependent. There were many simulations of different scenarios in time (monthly) and PRVs’ configuration. Regarding the latter, several types of PRVs and their settings were tested (e.g. fixed PRVs; PRVs with modified daily pattern; PRVs combined with local pressure boosters). The virtual scenarios resulted in reducing the SIV up to 24%. The related water savings have a direct positive environmental impact on the aquifer supplying Kos Town. These outcomes persuaded the local water utility to proceed with the actual implementation of the pilot study by installing the necessary system devices (either for measuring data or for pressure reducing) in more than 40 manholes across the town.

ACS Style

V. Kanakoudis; K. Gonelas. Assessing the results of a virtual pressure management project applied in Kos Town water distribution network. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 2015, 57, 11472 -11483.

AMA Style

V. Kanakoudis, K. Gonelas. Assessing the results of a virtual pressure management project applied in Kos Town water distribution network. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT. 2015; 57 (25):11472-11483.

Chicago/Turabian Style

V. Kanakoudis; K. Gonelas. 2015. "Assessing the results of a virtual pressure management project applied in Kos Town water distribution network." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 57, no. 25: 11472-11483.

Articles
Published: 21 May 2015 in DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
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During the last few years, many water utilities are facing difficulties with the high non-revenue water (NRW) levels. Among the NRW management strategies, water pressure management (PM) is the most popular towards the goals of effective and efficient water use. In an effort to improve the level of services provided to consumers, minimize its operating expenses and reduce water leakage and pipes’ bursts, water utilities rely on water PM although it is one of the most expensive methods. This study analyses a methodology of calculating economic benefits and revenue losses caused due to the reduction of a system’s operating pressure. The reduction of System Input Volume causes direct benefits (e.g. reduced energy costs), while the reduced burst frequency causes direct (e.g. maintenance cost reduction) and indirect potential benefits (e.g. reduction in personnel, insurance and vehicle operation costs). The revenue losses are caused mainly due to the reduction of pressure-dependent water consumption. In the case of Kozani city in Greece, the economic impact of dividing its water network in District Metered Areas and applying 5 PM interventions based on installing Pressure Reducing Valves is calculated, using the system’s hydraulic model.

ACS Style

V. Kanakoudis; K. Gonelas. Non-revenue water reduction through pressure management in Kozani’s water distribution network: from theory to practice. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 2015, 57, 11436 -11446.

AMA Style

V. Kanakoudis, K. Gonelas. Non-revenue water reduction through pressure management in Kozani’s water distribution network: from theory to practice. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT. 2015; 57 (25):11436-11446.

Chicago/Turabian Style

V. Kanakoudis; K. Gonelas. 2015. "Non-revenue water reduction through pressure management in Kozani’s water distribution network: from theory to practice." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 57, no. 25: 11436-11446.