Significance: We recovered the world’s thickest continuous loess record from the southern margin of the Taklimakan desert, a global-scale dust source area. The continuous high-resolution grain size and flux records of dust emission, reflecting histories of aridity and westerlies climate, indicate an extant dry climate, desert area, and stable land surface supporting continuous loess deposition at least since ∼3.6 Ma, and that global cooling, rather than Tibet uplift, modulated the histories of aridity and westerlies climate changes in inland Asia since ∼3.6 Ma. Moreover, our study may suggest potential positive linkages and feedback among dust emission, marine biogeochemical activity, atmospheric CO ₂ , and global cooling, which might provide insights into dynamics of Earth’s climate system and improve predictions for the future.

Loess sequences in the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) are valuable paleoenvironmental archives for reconstructing the environmental history related to the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). We conducted a detailed environmental magnetism analysis of the Ganzi loess sequence that developed since the Last Interglacial (LIG) and reconstructed the paleo‐precipitation history by analyzing multiple magnetic parameters. Our results are as follows: (a) Magnetic minerals of the Ganzi loess are mainly maghemite and magnetite, with high concentrations of magnetic minerals in the paleosol layer. The pedogenic ferrimagnetic particles dominated the magnetic enhancement, and magnetic parameters can be used to reconstruct precipitation history. (b) Precipitation reconstructed by using the multiple magnetic parameters of the Ganzi loess shows that rainfall in the eastern TP has varied dramatically, and the wettest periods over the last glacial cycle were the LIG and the Holocene. (c) The ISM has influenced precipitation changes since the LIG in the eastern TP. The ISM and precipitation in the eastern TP were mainly driven by the combined effect of orbital changes, global ice volume, atmospheric CO₂ concentration, and internal climate forcing on the glacial‐interglacial timescale.