Recovery from pneumonia takes around 3–6 months in individuals with severe COVID-19. In order to detect the isolated damage caused by COVID-19, the 6-month period must pass after the recoveries. However, to our knowledge, no published study analyzes a comprehensive evaluation of individuals with severe COVID-19 after 6 months. We aimed to evaluate long-term consequences of severe COVID patients by comparing respiratory function, functional capacity, quality of life, fatigue, and balance 6 months after the intensive care unit (ICU) discharge with healthy individuals. Method: 26 post-COVID adult patients and 26 healthy individuals (control group) were included in this study. Physical characteristics of both groups and patients’ ICU data, including APACHE II scores, were recorded. Lung function, respiratory, and peripheral muscle strength were measured. The lower limit of normal (LLN) cutoff points for forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) were calculated. A 6-minute walk test (6MWT) was used to assess functional capacity. Time Up and Go test (TUG) with a stadiometer was performed for balance evaluation. Quality of life was evaluated using Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and St George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Results: Percent predicted FVC and FEV₁, 6MWT distance, change in oxygen saturation (SpO₂) during 6MWT, were lower and NHP, SGRQ, FSS scores and TUG findings were higher in the COVID group than the control group (p < 0.05). The FVC of nine individuals and the FEV₁ value of seven individuals in the COVID-19 group were below the LLN values. A moderate correlation was found between ICU length of stay and APACHE II scores with FVC, FEV₁, 6MWT distance, and change in SpO₂ values in the COVID-19 patients (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Respiratory function, functional capacity, quality of life, and fatigue levels of the individuals with severe COVID-19 infection are impaired at 6 months after ICU discharge. Impaired lung function might be associated with severe inflammation, which starts during the acute infection process and the fibrous tissue during the healing process, impairing lung compliance and diffusion capacity. Infiltration of coronavirus and inflammatory cytokines into the cerebrum and muscle might have increased fatigue and decreased functional capacity. Overall, our study suggests that severe COVID patients need post-discharge care even after 6 months of recovery.

Purpose: Sport is an important tool in improving the quality of life of individuals with disabilities. The study aim to examine the life quality of individuals with physical disabilities with different functionality levels in relation to sports. Methods: A total of 36 individuals with physical disabilities participated in the study. The participants included individuals without any regular exercise (non-sportive, NS), those who played Boccia (B), and persons who played Wheelchair basketball (WCB) who could not provide independent ambulation. The Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI), Functional Independency Measurement (FIM), Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), and World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument for People with Intellectual and Physical Disabilities (WHOQOL-DIS) were used for evaluating motor impairment of the trunk, functionality levels, mobility, and quality of life (QoL), respectively. Results: Group B had lower RMI scores compared to group NS (p0.05), but higher in the WCB group (p

Background: Cryotherapy, ranging from simple ice packs to systemic cryogenic chambers, has evolved from an ancient practice to a scientifically grounded method used for acute injury management, chronic inflammatory conditions, and mental well-being. The recent popularity of systemic methods like Cold Water Immersion (CWI) and Whole-Body Cryotherapy (WBC) has broadened the focus beyond local analgesia to complex physiological systems. Aims and Objectives: This review aims to meticulously examine the fundamental physiological and biochemical mechanisms of cold therapy, comparatively evaluate the evidence-based clinical efficacy of local and systemic modalities across sports medicine, rehabilitation, and general health, and discuss the existing gaps and future research directions in the field. Methodology): This article utilized a comprehensive narrative review approach, synthesizing existing literature to cover the historical context, physiological mechanisms, clinical applications, risks, contraindications, and safety protocols of cryotherapy. Key Findings: The literature confirms cryotherapy's established role in pain reduction and edema control via local physiological changes, while systemic applications show compelling evidence for enhanced subjective recovery and powerful neuroendocrine activation. Conclusion: Cryotherapy is a versatile modality, though protocol standardization remains a key limitation. Future research must prioritize establishing definitive dose-response curves and clarifying long-term molecular and psychological effects.

Çalışmanın amacı görme engelli çocukların denge ve yaşam kalitelerini incelemektir. Çalışmaya 8-12 yaş arasındaki görme engelli 8, normal gören 10 çocuk dahil edildi. Çocukların yaş ve görme kayıplarının dereceleri kaydedildi, antropometrik ölçümleri alındı. Dengeleri “Denge Hata Puanlama Sistemi” ile değerlendirildi. Yaşam kaliteleri 8-12 yaş için “Pediatrik Yaşam Kalitesi Envanteri 4.0” kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Her iki grubun değerlendirmeleri Mann-Whitney U testi kullanılarak karşılaştırıldı. Tüm testlerde istatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi 0.05 olarak kabul edildi. Her iki gruptaki çocukların yaş ve antropometrik özellikleri benzer bulundu (p>0.05). Sert/düz zemin üzerindeyken tek bacak üstünde durma, toplam sert zemin, toplam yumuşak zemin ve toplam denge hata puanlarının görme engelli çocuklarda daha yüksek olduğu bulundu (sırasıyla p=0.003; p=0.016; p=0.001; p=0.002). Çocukların yaşam kalitesi değerlendirmelerinde çocuklar arasında fark bulunmadı (p>0.05). Ebeveyn yaşam kalitesi ölçeklerinde ise fiziksel sağlık işlevselliğinde ve toplam ebeveyn değerlendirme puanlamasında görme engelli çocukların yaşam kalitesi puanlarının daha düşük olduğu bulundu (sırasıyla p=0.003; p=0.001).Görme engelli çocuklarda denge gelişimi tipik gelişen yaşıtlarına göre gecikebilmekte veya farklı şekilde ilerleyebilmektedir. Görsel bilginin denge üzerine etkisi en çok yumuşak zeminde tek ayaküstünde durma becerisinde görülmüştür. Bu durumun görme engelli çocuklar için dinamik denge becerilerinin statik denge becerilerinden daha zor olmasıyla ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the level of burnout syndrome among practicing dentists and to examine its association with key demographic and professional variables. Basic Research Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in Kayseri, Turkey. Participants: The study included a convenience sample of 106 dentists working in public and private healthcare institutions. The mean age of participants was 33.8 $\pm$ 7.5 years. Main Outcome Measures: Data were collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and a structured demographic questionnaire. Burnout levels were assessed across three dimensions: Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DP), and Personal Accomplishment (PA). Results: A moderate level of burnout was found among the participating dentists (N=106). The overall mean MBI scores were: EE (25.1 $\pm$ 11.2), DP (10.2 $\pm$ 5.9), and PA (36.5 $\pm$ 8.1). Statistically significant associations were observed across variables: single and younger dentists reported higher overall burnout scores associated with their married and older colleagues. Work setting was also an associated factor, with private sector dentists exhibiting higher levels of Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization. Furthermore, general dentists showed more signs of burnout than specialists. Conclusions: The findings indicate that burnout in dentistry is a complex, multidimensional problem strongly associated with professional status, age, and work conditions. We recommend targeted interventions focused on improving work environments and strengthening psychosocial support mechanisms to mitigate occupational burnout in this profession.

Background: Pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy is a common condition that negatively affects physical function and quality of life (QoL), particularly in the third trimester. Coccydynia may coexist with pelvic girdle pain and further increase functional and neuromuscular burden; however, its additional impact in pregnant individuals remains insufficiently explored. Objective: To compare QoL, functional disability, pelvic floor muscle activation (PFMA), and sleep quality between third-trimester pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain alone and those with pelvic girdle pain accompanied by coccydynia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between April and July 2025 in obstetrics outpatient clinics in Kayseri, Türkiye, and included third-trimester pregnant women diagnosed with pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain. Sixty-four third-trimester pregnant women with pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain were clinically stratified into two groups: pelvic girdle pain with coccydynia (PGP + C) ( n = 32) and pelvic girdle pain without coccydynia (PGP) ( n = 32). QoL was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life–Brief Form, functional disability using the Oswestry Disability Index and the Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire, sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and PFMA using normalized surface electromyography during maximal voluntary contraction. Between-group comparisons were performed using independent-samples tests, and associations were examined using correlation and multiple linear regression analyses. Results: The mean age was 30.18 ± 6.15 years in the PGP + C and 29.34 ± 5.27 years in the PGP. Compared with pelvic girdle pain alone, participants with coccydynia had lower physical QoL scores (mean difference − 11.40; 95% confidence interval − 21.90 to − 0.91; p = 0.034) and psychological QoL scores ( p = 0.044), as well as higher disability, symptom burden, and poorer sleep quality (all p < 0.05). PFMA during contraction was reduced and resting muscle activity was increased in the PGP + C ( p < 0.001). Functional symptom burden was the only consistent independent predictor of all outcomes, whereas pain intensity was not significant. Conclusion: Coccydynia is associated with greater functional, neuromuscular, and quality of life impairment in pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain. Functional limitation appears to be a more important determinant of clinical outcomes than pain intensity. Brief This study evaluates how coexisting coccydynia impacts function, quality of life, and pelvic floor activation in third-trimester pregnant individuals with pelvic girdle pain.