Rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare, with an incidence of 0.17%, but they represent 12% to 27% of all NETs and 20% of gastrointestinal NETs. Although rectal NETs are uncommon tumors, their incidence has increased over the past few years, and this is probably due to the improvement in detection rates made by advanced endoscopic procedures. The biological behavior of rectal NETs may be different: factors predicting the risk of metastases have been identified, such as size and grade of differentiation. The tendency for metastatic diffusion generally depends on the tumor size, muscular and lymphovascular infiltration, and histopathological differentiation. According to the current European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) guidelines, tumors that are smaller than 10 mm and well differentiated are thought to have a low risk of lymphovascular invasion, and they should be completely removed endoscopically. Rectal NETs larger than 20 mm have a higher risk of involvement of muscularis propria and high metastatic risk and are candidates for surgical resection. There is controversy over rectal NETs of intermediate size, 10–19 mm, where the metastatic risk is considered to be 10–15%: assessment of tumors endoscopically and by endoanal ultrasound should guide treatment in these cases towards endoscopic, transanal, or surgical resection.

Barrett’s Esophagus is a common condition associated with chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease. It is well known that it has an association with a higher incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma, but this neoplastic transformation is first preceded by the onset of low and high-grade dysplasia. The evaluation of low grade dysplastic esophageal mucosa is still controversial; although endoscopic surveillance is preferred, several minimally invasive endoscopic therapeutic approaches are available. Endoscopic mucosal resection and radiofrequency ablation are the most used endoscopic treatments for the eradication of low-grade dysplasia, respectively, for nodular and flat dysplasia. Novel endoscopic treatments are cryotherapy ablation and argon plasma coagulation, that have good rates of eradication with less complications and post-procedural pain.

A modified caudal-to-cranial approach to perform laparoscopic left colectomy for benign diseases has been recently designed to facilitate the low-tie mesenteric dissection. A chart review has been performed including all consecutive patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis who have been treated by segmental left colectomy with a caudal-to-cranial approach. A total of 34 patients were included in the study. 21 patients were male, mean age was , and mean BMI was . Patients with ASA Score I were 7, with ASA II were 9, and with ASA Score III were 5. Incontinence Score (IS) resulted in an average of grade of incontinence and the CS score showed an average of grade of constipation. Health status, evaluated by Short Form-36 questionnaire, was demonstrated in these patients’ great physical function, role, general health, and social function. The anorectal manometry performed 6 months after surgery showed a normal value in terms of the anal resting pressure ( mmHg) and an increased volume to stimulate desire to defecate ( ml). The length of the anal sphincter was normal compared to the reference value ( mm). Although further studies are required to obtain definitive conclusions, our results are encouraging to propose low-tie segmental colectomy as the standard procedure for the treatment of uncomplicated diverticulitis, and our modified surgical approach could be considered useful to facilitate the surgical approach.

Background: Esophageal cancer ranks among the top ten most prevalent cancers worldwide and remains a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality. While surgery combined with neoadjuvant therapy stands as the cornerstone treatment, the evolution of surgical techniques towards minimally invasive procedures has shown promising results. Robotic Assisted Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy (RAMIE) emerges as a potential advancement, offering precise movements and a three-dimensional endoscopic view. Against this backdrop, clarifying whether a fully robotic approach provides measurable perioperative or early oncologic advantages over a hybrid technique is clinically relevant. Despite initial skepticism, studies comparing fully robotic and hybrid approaches for esophagectomy have been conducted to evaluate their feasibility and sustainability. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed following PRISMA guidelines. Four retrospective studies comparing fully robotic and hybrid approaches were included, comprising 1540 patients. Results: Intraoperative outcomes favored the fully robotic approach, showing shorter operative times and reduced blood loss (MD = −41 min, p = 0.056, 95% CI: −83.202; 0.994 and MD = −48.762 mL, p = 0.040, 95% CI: −95.257; −2.266, respectively). Additionally, the fully robotic approach demonstrated advantages in terms of lymph node retrieval and shorter ICU and hospital stay (MD = −0.894, p < 0.0001, 95% CI: −1.224; −0.564, MD = −1.139 days, p < 0.0001, 95% CI: −1.313; −0.965 and MD = −3.264 days, p = 0.011, 95% CI: −5.767; −0.760, respectively). Conclusions: Although limitations exist, including the retrospective nature of the studies and limited sample size, the findings suggest that the fully robotic approach may offer superior outcomes compared to the hybrid approach for Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy. These results highlight the potential of robotics in enhancing safety and effectiveness in oesophageal cancer surgery, encouraging further consideration and adoption by surgeons.