The use of a sustainable future has led to the recognition of the crucial role played by the combination of materials, energy, and resource efficiency. The integration in question exemplifies the fundamental concepts of circularity, the optimisation of resources, and the responsible management of the environment. The focal point lies in the conscientious acquisition and administration of materials, as well as the prudent utilisation of energy resources and the reduction of waste. This abstract explores the importance of incorporating materials, energy, and resource efficiency in order to achieve sustainability. It emphasises concrete, practical applications that exemplify the feasibility and transformative capacity of this integrated approach. There are many practical applications of the utilisation of reclaimed wood for the production of sustainable furniture, the incorporation of recycled steel in the construction of building structures, and the integration of eco-friendly composites in the manufacturing processes of the automotive industry. The electronics sector is currently integrating circular economy principles into its operations by adopting strategies that prioritise the ease of disassembly, repair, and recycling of items. Apple and similar corporations have implemented recycling initiatives aimed at refurbishing and repurposing outdated equipment, thereby prolonging their lifespan and reducing the generation of electronic waste. By examining these actual applications and others, it becomes evident that the incorporation of materials, energy, and resource efficiency not only corresponds with sustainability objectives but also yields concrete environmental, economic, and societal advantages.

The most useful method for dissimilar welding of metal joining is, MPW. The reason behind this is, it uses induced currents in opposite direction, EMF across the flowing current in the specimen and the working coil respectively. In order to get MPW effectively the process parameters must be selected optimally. Some of the variables viz. distance between specimens, workpiece’s thickness and charge voltage. In this study, the aim is to find the impact of these process parameters on the Al/Cu joint by making use of DOE. To estimate the value for leakage pressure, a mathematical model is also developed. DOE was employed with the center composite design. A1070 and C1221are the materials used for copper rod and aluminum tube resp. Following the sequential test, a leakage test was carried out to check the welding performance. The estimated and the measured results are in good agreement thus this developed model is a good choice for presence of leakage. For MPW, the consistency of the joint is greatly affected by the charge voltage as obtained from this study.