Working mothers have a higher risk to terminate breastfeeding earlier than stay-at-home mothers. Researchers reported that support from the workplace by creating lactation facilities and develop supportive programs are necessary to increase the success of exclusive breastfeeding. The aim was to achieve expert consensus on developing a workplace-based lactation promotion model. A three-round online survey using Delphi approach was conducted to reach consensus on to the development of a lactation program at a workplace. Twenty-two experts from Indonesian health authority, community medicine, child health and obstetrics were invited to join the Delphi study; 15 (68.2%) enrolled in the first round. The response rate in the second and third round was 80.0% (12/15) and 86.7% (13/15), respectively. The first round categorized the workplace-based promotion model into seven dimensions, i.e. policy and regulation, facility, education material, target participants, promotion approach, human resources, and time. In the final round, “maternity leave of 3-6 months” (median (Q1;Q3):2 (1, 4)) and “employees have the right to breast-pumping every 3 hours” (median (Q1;Q3):3 (2, 4)) ranked as the two most important indicators regarding policy and regulation. A dedicated lactation room (median (Q1;Q3):1 (1)) is the highest ranked indicator regarding facility dimension. Regarding education materials, benefits of breast milk for babies ranked as the highest indicator while for the education and delivering methods dimensions, social media and interactive counseling were two highest ranked indicators. The top management in the company and lactation counselor are the two highest-ranked indicators in human resources dimension. In the view of experts, involvement of a dedicated policy maker in the company, a workplace-based lactation counselor, regular promotion with interactive education and dedicated facilities are necessary to develop an effective workplace-based lactation promotion model.

Air pollution is an unseen threat to children’s health because it may increase the risk of respiratory infection, atopy, and asthma, and also alter gut microbiota compositions. The impact of air pollution on children’s health has not been firmly established. A literature review followed by a series of discussions among experts were performed to develop a theoretical framework on how air pollution could affect various bodily organs and functions in children. We invited experts from different backgrounds, such as paediatricians, nutritionists, environmental health experts, and occupational health experts, to provide their views on this matter. This report summarizes the discussion of multidisciplinary experts on the impact of air pollution on children’s health. The report begins with a review of air pollution’s impact on allergy and immunology, neurodevelopment, and cardiometabolic risks, and ends with the conceptualization of a theoretical framework. While the allergic and immunological pathway is one of the most significant pathways for air pollution affecting children’s health in which microbiotas also play a role, several pathways have been proposed regarding the ability to affect neurodevelopment and cardiometabolic risk. Further research is required to confirm the link between air pollution and the gut microbiota pathway.

Background: Breastfeeding has benefits for both the child and the mother. However, breastfeeding can be a challenge for working mothers due to inadequate time and space for expressing breastmilk, employer perceptions of reduced productivity, regulations prohibiting children in the workplace, and the lack of childcare close to the workplace.Methodology: The experts from different backgrounds were invited to provide their views on this matter. This report summarizes the discussion of multidisciplinary experts on the recommendations about breastfeeding practices for mothers and the workplace.Results: Improving education and knowledge, implementing a lactation promotion model, seeking information, and making plans and arrangements are recommended for successful breastfeeding practices.Conclusion: The aspects of the lactation promotion model can be the key to successful breastfeeding for working mothers.

Objectives: One of the most widely used pesticides today is chlorpyrifos (CPF). Cytochrome P450 (CYP)2B6, the most prominent catalyst in CPF bioactivation, is highly polymorphic. The objective of our study was to evaluate the role of CYP2B6*6, which contains both 516G>T and 785A>G polymorphisms, in CPF toxicity, as represented by the concentration of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), among vegetable farmers in Central Java, Indonesia, where CPF has been commonly used.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 132 vegetable farmers. Individual socio-demographic and occupational characteristics, as determinants of TCPy levels, were obtained using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and subsequently used to estimate the cumulative exposure level (CEL). TCPy levels were detected with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. CYP2B6*6 gene polymorphisms were analyzed using a TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay and Sanger sequencing. Linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the association between TCPy, as a biomarker of CPF exposure, and its determinants.Results: The prevalence of CYP2B6*6 polymorphisms was 31% for *1/*1, 51% for *1/*6, and 18% for *6/*6. TCPy concentrations were higher among participants with CYP2B6*1/*1 than among those with *1/*6 or *6/*6 genotypes. CYP2B6*6 gene polymorphisms, smoking, CEL, body mass index, and spraying time were retained in the final linear regression model as determinants of TCPy.Conclusions: The results suggest that CYP2B6*6 gene polymorphisms may play an important role in influencing susceptibility to CPF exposure. CYP2B6*6 gene polymorphisms together with CEL, smoking habits, body mass index, and spraying time were the determinants of urinary TCPy concentrations, as a biomarker of CPF toxicity.

Shoe factory workers are exposed to many kinds of occupational hazards, including organic solvents. Exposure to organic solvent is reported to have adverse pulmonary effects and increases the risk of obstructive and restrictive pulmonary diseases. This study aimed at investigating the associations between organic solvent exposure, risk factors, and clinical symptoms of pulmonary function impairment among shoe factory workers. This crosssectional study examined 134 shoe factory workers from two production areas, cementing and (n = 67) and stock fitting (n = 67). All the workers underwent pulmonary function testing, including the measurements of FVC and FEV₁/FVC values using a spirometer. The workers were also interviewed about their clinical symptoms and histories related to health and work. Of all the subjects, 17% (23 of 134) suffered from restrictive diseases. Risk factors such as age, work duration, and total cumulative exposure contribute to the symptoms. However, exposure to organic solvent did not significantly cause lung function disorders.

The risk of cardiovascular disease has been reported to be associated with a sedentary behavior, which is characterized by long-term activities that involve lying down or sitting, especially when done for more than 10 h a day, compared with less than 5 h a day. One underlying problem in this company was the significant number of cardiovascular disease risk factors that were obtained during periodic check of employees in one department and the lack of assessment in the other departments. The purpose of this research was to determine the cardiovascular disease risk stratification using the Jakarta Cardiovascular Score as a recommendation to the company management to use this score to assess the risks for cardiovascular disease among workers, especially those in the main office. A cross-sectional study design was used with comparative analysis. The factor that was most closely related with cardiovascular risk stratification was a family history of cardiovascular disease (p = 0.021, OR = 1334.3, dan 95% CI = 147.1–12,103.6).