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Qihui Chen
Beijing Food Safety Policy & Strategy Research Base, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China

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Journal article
Published: 03 August 2021 in Nature Communications
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Many countries have undertaken large and high-profile payment-for-ecosystem-services (PES) programs to sustain the use of their natural resources. Nevertheless, few studies have comprehensively examined the impacts of existing PES programs. Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy (GECP) is one of the few pastorally focused PES programs with large investments and long duration, which aim to improve grassland quality and increase herder income. Here we present empirical evidence of the effects of GECP on grassland quality and herder income. Through a thorough and in-depth econometric analysis of remote sensing and household survey data, we find that, although GECP improves grassland quality (albeit to only a small extent) and has a large positive effect on income, it exacerbates existing income inequality among herders within their local communities. The analysis demonstrates that the program has induced herders to change their livestock production behavior. Heterogeneity analysis emphasizes the importance of making sure the programs are flexible and are adapted to local resource circumstances.

ACS Style

Lingling Hou; Fang Xia; Qihui Chen; Jikun Huang; Yong He; Nathan Rose; Scott Rozelle. Grassland ecological compensation policy in China improves grassland quality and increases herders’ income. Nature Communications 2021, 12, 1 .

AMA Style

Lingling Hou, Fang Xia, Qihui Chen, Jikun Huang, Yong He, Nathan Rose, Scott Rozelle. Grassland ecological compensation policy in China improves grassland quality and increases herders’ income. Nature Communications. 2021; 12 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lingling Hou; Fang Xia; Qihui Chen; Jikun Huang; Yong He; Nathan Rose; Scott Rozelle. 2021. "Grassland ecological compensation policy in China improves grassland quality and increases herders’ income." Nature Communications 12, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 22 July 2021 in Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
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Tobacco consumption is one of the world's largest public health threats. Yet little is known about how chronic disease diagnoses affect individuals' smoking behavior in China, where the world's largest smoking population resides. This study analyzes an unbalanced panel dataset on 2986 Chinese males aged 50 or above from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, a household survey covering nine Chinese provinces. We adopt a zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression framework to account for the count-data nature of the outcome variable of interest, the number of cigarettes one smokes per day. Logit regressions are also adopted to predict one's likelihood of smoking cessation. First, the estimated ZINB model suggests that the number of chronic disease diagnoses only affects whether one smokes, but conditional on one being a smoker, it does not affect the number of cigarettes one smokes per day. Logit estimates suggest that an additional diagnosed chronic disease is associated with a 4.8 percentage-point increase in the likelihood of smoking cessation. Second, while the diagnoses of all four chronic conditions examined are found to increase the likelihood of smoking cessation, the diagnosis of myocardial infarction has the largest impact, followed by diabetes diagnosis. While chronic disease diagnoses reduce smoking in China, their effects are small. Healthcare policies and relevant measures (such as helping smoking patients switch to a diet with more foods enriched with antioxidants) are thus needed to reduce the adverse effects that continued smoking might impose on their health.

ACS Style

Yue Hu; Qihui Chen; Bo Zhang. Can Chronic Disease Diagnosis Urge the Patients to Quit Smoking? - Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy 2021, 14, 3059 -3077.

AMA Style

Yue Hu, Qihui Chen, Bo Zhang. Can Chronic Disease Diagnosis Urge the Patients to Quit Smoking? - Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy. 2021; 14 ():3059-3077.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yue Hu; Qihui Chen; Bo Zhang. 2021. "Can Chronic Disease Diagnosis Urge the Patients to Quit Smoking? - Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey." Risk Management and Healthcare Policy 14, no. : 3059-3077.

Research article
Published: 17 May 2021 in Education Economics
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This paper estimates peer effects on children’s school entry age, using a dataset on 4,165 children from rural northwestern China (Gansu province). Instrumental-variable estimation, exploiting variations in (older) peers’ home-to-school distance to identify the effect of their school entry age, reveals that a one-year increase in (older) peers’ school entry age raises a child’s school entry age by 0.43 years. This effect is much stronger than the effects of family-background factors such as parental education and family wealth, suggesting that the dominant driving force of delayed school enrollment lies outside of the family.

ACS Style

Qihui Chen. Why am I late for school? Peer effects on delayed school entry in rural northwestern China. Education Economics 2021, 1 -27.

AMA Style

Qihui Chen. Why am I late for school? Peer effects on delayed school entry in rural northwestern China. Education Economics. 2021; ():1-27.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qihui Chen. 2021. "Why am I late for school? Peer effects on delayed school entry in rural northwestern China." Education Economics , no. : 1-27.

Journal article
Published: 22 January 2021 in Economics & Human Biology
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This paper estimates the quantity-quality (QQ) trade-off of children from a child nutrition perspective, using data on 2000 children born in 2001–2002 from the Young Lives project in Vietnam. Using the sex of the first-born in the family as an instrumental variable for family size, we found that having an additional sibling lowers a 5-year-old Vietnamese child’s height-for-age and weight-for-age Z scores by 0.3 and 0.26 standard deviations (SDs), respectively. This finding is robust to a series of checks, providing strong evidence of the quantity-quality trade-off of children. In more policy-relevant terms, our estimates suggest that the violation of Vietnam’s Two-Child policy (i.e., having more than two children) may have caused reductions in 5-year-old Vietnamese children’s height-for-age and weight-for-age by, respectively, 0.49 and 0.57 SDs.

ACS Style

Qihui Chen. Population policy, family size and child malnutrition in Vietnam – Testing the trade-off between child quantity and quality from a child nutrition perspective. Economics & Human Biology 2021, 41, 100983 .

AMA Style

Qihui Chen. Population policy, family size and child malnutrition in Vietnam – Testing the trade-off between child quantity and quality from a child nutrition perspective. Economics & Human Biology. 2021; 41 ():100983.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qihui Chen. 2021. "Population policy, family size and child malnutrition in Vietnam – Testing the trade-off between child quantity and quality from a child nutrition perspective." Economics & Human Biology 41, no. : 100983.

Original research
Published: 01 November 2020 in Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
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Background: The high prevalence of myopia among school-age children in China has raised serious concerns about protecting Chinese students’ vision. While the regular performance of the Chinese eye exercises has been adopted as a preventive approach in China since the mid-1960s, these exercises’ effectiveness at protecting students’ vision has remained largely unknown. This study attempts to provide new evidence of the impact of regularly performing the exercises on Chinese students’ visual outcomes, based on a large-scale dataset. Methods: A school-based survey was conducted among 9842 randomly selected students (fourth graders) from 252 primary schools in rural Northwestern China in 2012. To address potential estimation bias, we adopted both an instrumental variable (IV) approach and a bivariate-probit model to estimate the impacts on students’ visual acuity and the incidences of visual impairment and myopia. Results: Both IV and bivariate-probit estimates reveal a detrimental impact of regularly performing the Chinese eye exercises on students’ vision. Compared with students who did not regularly perform the exercises, those who did were 6.2 percentage points more likely to have impaired vision and 7.6 percentage points more likely to be myopic. The estimates are robust to different estimation strategies, various specifications, and the majority of subsamples. Conclusion: Under the assumption that the correct performance of the Chinese eye exercises would not undermine students’ vision, our findings suggest that the commonly-observed incorrect performance of these exercises among Chinese students imposes non-trivial threats to their vision health.

ACS Style

Juerong Huang; Qihui Chen; Kang Du; Hongyu Guan. Does Performing the Chinese Eye Exercises Help Protect Children’s Vision? – New Evidence from Primary Schools in Rural Northwestern China. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy 2020, ume 13, 2425 -2438.

AMA Style

Juerong Huang, Qihui Chen, Kang Du, Hongyu Guan. Does Performing the Chinese Eye Exercises Help Protect Children’s Vision? – New Evidence from Primary Schools in Rural Northwestern China. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy. 2020; ume 13 ():2425-2438.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juerong Huang; Qihui Chen; Kang Du; Hongyu Guan. 2020. "Does Performing the Chinese Eye Exercises Help Protect Children’s Vision? – New Evidence from Primary Schools in Rural Northwestern China." Risk Management and Healthcare Policy ume 13, no. : 2425-2438.

Original article
Published: 25 September 2020 in Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies
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Based on data from the China Education Panel Survey, which covers 28 counties/districts of China, this study applies a difference‐in‐differences method (combined with propensity score matching in some analyses) to estimate the impacts of private tutoring on students' learning outcomes. Our analyses yield three important findings. First, subject‐specific tutoring has a statistically significant and positive effect on Grade 8 students' scores on Chinese and mathematics tests, although the effects are modest in size. Second, private tutoring improves students' academic performance mainly through enhancing their test‐taking skills or deepening their understanding of subject‐specific knowledge, rather than improving their general cognitive skills. Finally, the effect of private tutoring is heterogenous across different subsamples: it is larger for female students, low‐performing students, and students with better‐educated and wealthier parents.

ACS Style

Yuhe Guo; Qihui Chen; Shengying Zhai; Chunchen Pei. Does private tutoring improve student learning in China? Evidence from the China Education Panel Survey. Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies 2020, 7, 322 -343.

AMA Style

Yuhe Guo, Qihui Chen, Shengying Zhai, Chunchen Pei. Does private tutoring improve student learning in China? Evidence from the China Education Panel Survey. Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies. 2020; 7 (3):322-343.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuhe Guo; Qihui Chen; Shengying Zhai; Chunchen Pei. 2020. "Does private tutoring improve student learning in China? Evidence from the China Education Panel Survey." Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies 7, no. 3: 322-343.

Journal article
Published: 14 August 2020 in Economics & Human Biology
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This paper estimates the impacts of boarding on primary school students’ health outcomes, using data on 7606 students from rural areas of two northwestern provinces (Qinghai and Ningxia) of China. Exogenous variations in students’ home-to-school distance are exploited to address potential endogeneity in their boarding status. Instrumental variable estimates suggest that while boarding has little impact on students’ physical health (measured by height-for-age and BMI-for-age z-scores and hemoglobin concentration levels), it has a significantly detrimental effect on their mental health status, amounting to 0.455 standard deviations (SDs) of the distribution of scores on a Mental Health Test (a modified version of the Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale). The effect of boarding is more pronounced for students with relatively advantageous backgrounds. For example, boarding boys scored 0.544 SDs higher on the Mental Health Test (suggesting more anxiety problems) than nonboarding boys, and boarders from relatively wealthier families scored 0.754 SDs higher than wealthier nonboarders. ‘

ACS Style

Qihui Chen; Yu Chen; Qiran Zhao. Impacts of boarding on primary school students’ mental health outcomes – Instrumental-Variable evidence from rural northwestern China. Economics & Human Biology 2020, 39, 100920 .

AMA Style

Qihui Chen, Yu Chen, Qiran Zhao. Impacts of boarding on primary school students’ mental health outcomes – Instrumental-Variable evidence from rural northwestern China. Economics & Human Biology. 2020; 39 ():100920.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qihui Chen; Yu Chen; Qiran Zhao. 2020. "Impacts of boarding on primary school students’ mental health outcomes – Instrumental-Variable evidence from rural northwestern China." Economics & Human Biology 39, no. : 100920.

Original research
Published: 01 June 2020 in Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
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Background: This paper re-evaluates the impacts of China’s New Cooperative Medicine Scheme (NCMS), a social health insurance program targeting China’s rural population, on the incidences of chronic diseases among its enrollees. Although coverage under the NCMS expanded rapidly following its implementation in 2003, previous studies have failed to reach a consensus on its health impacts. Existing conflicting results may be due to methodological problems such as implausible identification assumptions and the failure to focus on the most relevant beneficiaries. Methods: Drawing on data from a longitudinal sample from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), we focus on a subgroup of patients over the age of 55 years to re-estimate the NCMS’s impact on incidences of chronic disease among enrollees. We adopt a triple-difference (difference-in-difference-in-differences) method, relaxing the parallel-trend assumption commonly invoked in the previous double-difference (difference-in-differences) studies. Results: Our triple-difference estimates suggest that the NCMS has significantly reduced the incidences of apoplexy and diabetes among rural residents aged 55 years or older. The impacts of the NCMS on chronic disease are underestimated by the commonly adopted double-difference method. The triple-difference method allows evaluations to focus on the most relevant subgroups for detecting program impacts. Conclusion: Our findings that the NCMS has significantly positive impacts on elderly enrollees’ incidences of chronic diseases also suggest the need for examining its impacts on other vulnerable groups, such as low-income individuals, young children, and individuals with poor health conditions.

ACS Style

Qihui Chen; Xueling Chu; Suzhen Wang; Bo Zhang. A Triple-Difference Approach to Re-Evaluating the Impact of China’s New Cooperative Medical Scheme on Incidences of Chronic Diseases Among Older Adults in Rural Communities. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy 2020, ume 13, 643 -659.

AMA Style

Qihui Chen, Xueling Chu, Suzhen Wang, Bo Zhang. A Triple-Difference Approach to Re-Evaluating the Impact of China’s New Cooperative Medical Scheme on Incidences of Chronic Diseases Among Older Adults in Rural Communities. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy. 2020; ume 13 ():643-659.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qihui Chen; Xueling Chu; Suzhen Wang; Bo Zhang. 2020. "A Triple-Difference Approach to Re-Evaluating the Impact of China’s New Cooperative Medical Scheme on Incidences of Chronic Diseases Among Older Adults in Rural Communities." Risk Management and Healthcare Policy ume 13, no. : 643-659.

Research article
Published: 10 April 2020 in PLOS ONE
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This study uses a Mendelian randomization approach to resolve the difficulties of identifying the causal relationship between height and earnings by using a unique sample of 3,427 respondents from mainland China with sociodemographic information linked to individual genotyping data. Exploiting genetic variations to create instrumental variables for observed height, we find that while OLS regressions yield that an additional centimeter in height is associated with a 10–13% increase in one’s annual earnings, IV estimates reveal only an insubstantial causal effect of height. Further analyses suggest that the observed height premium is likely to pick up the impacts of several cognitive/noncognitive skills on earnings confounded in previous studies, such as mental health, risk preference, and personality factors. Our study is the first empirical study that employs genetic IVs in developing countries, and our results contribute to the recent debate on the mechanism of height premium.

ACS Style

Jun Wang; Qihui Chen; Gang Chen; Yingxiang Li; Guoshu Kong; Chen Zhu. What is creating the height premium? New evidence from a Mendelian randomization analysis in China. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0230555 .

AMA Style

Jun Wang, Qihui Chen, Gang Chen, Yingxiang Li, Guoshu Kong, Chen Zhu. What is creating the height premium? New evidence from a Mendelian randomization analysis in China. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (4):e0230555.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jun Wang; Qihui Chen; Gang Chen; Yingxiang Li; Guoshu Kong; Chen Zhu. 2020. "What is creating the height premium? New evidence from a Mendelian randomization analysis in China." PLOS ONE 15, no. 4: e0230555.

Journal article
Published: 10 April 2020 in Economics Letters
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Qihui Chen; Chunchen Pei; Qiran Zhao. Intrahousehold flypaper effects — Quasi-experimental evidence from a randomized school-feeding program in rural northwestern China. Economics Letters 2020, 191, 1 .

AMA Style

Qihui Chen, Chunchen Pei, Qiran Zhao. Intrahousehold flypaper effects — Quasi-experimental evidence from a randomized school-feeding program in rural northwestern China. Economics Letters. 2020; 191 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qihui Chen; Chunchen Pei; Qiran Zhao. 2020. "Intrahousehold flypaper effects — Quasi-experimental evidence from a randomized school-feeding program in rural northwestern China." Economics Letters 191, no. : 1.

Original research
Published: 01 March 2020 in Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
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Objective: This study evaluated change in caesarean section rate with reform of birth planning policy in China from one-child to two-child policy. Methods: Study data were collected from patient-level hospital records of 59,668 pregnant women who visited three major urban hospitals in Jiangsu Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China between January 2012 and December 2016. A segmented logistic regression approach was developed to evaluate the changes in caesarean section rate in these regions with the launch of China’s new partial and universal two-child policies in January 2014 and January 2016, respectively. Results: Jiangsu Province had a significantly lower non-emergency caesarean rate (Jiangsu 8.15% vs Inner Mongolia 34.03%, p< 0.001) and a much lower percentage of minority population (Jiangsu 6.99% vs Inner Mongolia 21.76%, p< 0.001) than Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In Jiangsu Province, no change in caesarean section rate was detected with the two-child policies (all p-values > 0.05), although the unadjusted trend change (0.038, 95% confidence interval or CI: [0.016, 0.060], p< 0.001) in log odds after the implementation of the partial two-child policy was statistically significant. In Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, an immediate jump in caesarean section rate was discovered by the segmented logistic regression with the implementation of both the partial (unadjusted level change 0.297, CI: [0.105, 0.489], p = 0.002) and universal two-child policies (unadjusted level change 1.945, CI: [1.277, 2.614], p< 0.001); but the rate reverted to the previous level thereafter. Ethnicity, maternal age, maternal reproduction history, insurance coverage type, infant weight, and infant gender were the significant factors associated with caesarean section rate (for odds ratios, all p-values < 0.05). However, the significance of infant gender may stem from the large sample size of the study and is not clinically meaningful. Conclusion: Change in caesarean section rate was not observed with the launch of two-child policy in China.

ACS Style

Lili Kang; Shangyuan Ye; Kangzhen Jing; Yancun Fan; Qihui Chen; Ning Zhang; Bo Zhang. A Segmented Logistic Regression Approach to Evaluating Change in Caesarean Section Rate with Reform of Birth Planning Policy in Two Regions in China from 2012 to 2016. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy 2020, ume 13, 245 -253.

AMA Style

Lili Kang, Shangyuan Ye, Kangzhen Jing, Yancun Fan, Qihui Chen, Ning Zhang, Bo Zhang. A Segmented Logistic Regression Approach to Evaluating Change in Caesarean Section Rate with Reform of Birth Planning Policy in Two Regions in China from 2012 to 2016. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy. 2020; ume 13 ():245-253.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lili Kang; Shangyuan Ye; Kangzhen Jing; Yancun Fan; Qihui Chen; Ning Zhang; Bo Zhang. 2020. "A Segmented Logistic Regression Approach to Evaluating Change in Caesarean Section Rate with Reform of Birth Planning Policy in Two Regions in China from 2012 to 2016." Risk Management and Healthcare Policy ume 13, no. : 245-253.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2020 in The Economics of Education
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Paul Glewwe; Sylvie Lambert; Qihui Chen. Education production functions: updated evidence from developing countries. The Economics of Education 2020, 183 -215.

AMA Style

Paul Glewwe, Sylvie Lambert, Qihui Chen. Education production functions: updated evidence from developing countries. The Economics of Education. 2020; ():183-215.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paul Glewwe; Sylvie Lambert; Qihui Chen. 2020. "Education production functions: updated evidence from developing countries." The Economics of Education , no. : 183-215.

Journal article
Published: 26 November 2019 in Sustainability
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To understand key factors that drive China’s green fodder supply, this study estimates a Nerlovian partial-adjustment model, using provincial-level panel data spanning two decades (1997–2016). Based on a set of explanatory variables selected by the LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) method, estimation of the Nerlovian model by the system-GMM (Generalized Method of Moments) method yields three key findings. First, while farmers’ previous cultivation decisions on green fodder supply strongly predict their current decisions, without the influence of other drivers, China’s green fodder supply tends to decline over time. Second, among the identified drivers, government policy plays the most significant role—the availability of subsidies for cultivation of green fodder crops raises the sown area of green fodder crops by more than 30 percent. In contrast, farmer’s sown-area decision is only modestly responsive to price incentives. Finally, while the stock of fixed capital inputs (e.g., number of combine harvesters) and natural disasters (e.g., floods) both affect green fodder supply, their impacts are small.

ACS Style

Shengying Zhai; Qihui Chen; Wenxin Wang. What Drives Green Fodder Supply in China?—A Nerlovian Analysis with LASSO Variable Selection. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6692 .

AMA Style

Shengying Zhai, Qihui Chen, Wenxin Wang. What Drives Green Fodder Supply in China?—A Nerlovian Analysis with LASSO Variable Selection. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (23):6692.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shengying Zhai; Qihui Chen; Wenxin Wang. 2019. "What Drives Green Fodder Supply in China?—A Nerlovian Analysis with LASSO Variable Selection." Sustainability 11, no. 23: 6692.

Review
Published: 01 November 2019 in Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
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Introduction: Factors influencing healthcare utilization in China have been frequently analyzed and discussed from various angles, based upon different objectives. However, few studies have attempted to categorize and summarize key determinants of healthcare utilization in China. Methods: To fill this gap, we reviewed all empirical studies that made use of data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), a longitudinal survey covering nine Chinese provinces for nearly three decades. The review was guided by Andersen’s behavioral model, a conceptual framework widely used to analyze determinants of healthcare utilization. Results: Our review discovered many strong and consistent predictors of healthcare utilization at the individual level, including predisposing factors (e.g., marriage status and education), enabling factors (e.g., income and wealth), and need factors (e.g., illness severity and health status); in contrast, contextual factors (e.g., employment rates and population health indices) have rarely been examined. Our review also revealed a few factors whose impacts differ from expectations in many studies (e.g., employment status and health insurance coverage). While several factors explored in the reviewed studies (e.g., urbanization and industrialization) are not part of Andersen’s model, some factors specified in the model (e.g., values and knowledge about health and health services) remain unexplored in the context of China. Conclusion: Individual-level factors received much more attention than contextual-level factors in the reviewed studies. It leads to an inadequate understanding of the roles played by contextual factors. Among the individual-level factors that have been extensively examined, enabling variables affect healthcare utilization more than predisposing and need factors.

ACS Style

Shu Zhang; Qihui Chen; Bo Zhang. Understanding Healthcare Utilization In China Through The Andersen Behavioral Model: Review Of Evidence From The China Health And Nutrition Survey. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy 2019, ume 12, 209 -224.

AMA Style

Shu Zhang, Qihui Chen, Bo Zhang. Understanding Healthcare Utilization In China Through The Andersen Behavioral Model: Review Of Evidence From The China Health And Nutrition Survey. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy. 2019; ume 12 ():209-224.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shu Zhang; Qihui Chen; Bo Zhang. 2019. "Understanding Healthcare Utilization In China Through The Andersen Behavioral Model: Review Of Evidence From The China Health And Nutrition Survey." Risk Management and Healthcare Policy ume 12, no. : 209-224.

Journal article
Published: 13 August 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Many developing countries have implemented nutrition intervention programs to reduce child malnutrition. However, the effectiveness of these programs differs greatly, and it remains unclear what is causing the differences in effectiveness across different programs. To shed some light on this issue, this article examines the role the specificity of policy targets, along with the incentives attached, plays in affecting the effectiveness of nutrition intervention programs. More specifically, we examined how different policy targets (and the associated incentives) affect primary students’ dietary structure and (thus) their nutritional and health status by analyzing a randomized intervention in rural Northwestern China that was designed with two treatment arms. The two treatments provided the same nutrition subsidy to project students but with different policy targets, one with a specific target of “anemia reduction” and the other with a general target of “malnutrition reduction”. Our analysis revealed that compared to the treatment arm with only a general policy target, the treatment arm with the specific “anemia reduction” target was more effective at improving students’ nutritional and health status, as measured by the incidences of being anemic and underweight, presumably through helping them develop a dietary structure with more flesh meat, bean products, vegetables, and fruits.

ACS Style

Qihui Chen; Chunchen Pei; Yunli Bai; Qiran Zhao. Impacts of Nutrition Subsidies on Diet Diversity and Nutritional Outcomes of Primary School Students in Rural Northwestern China—Do Policy Targets and Incentives Matter? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 2891 .

AMA Style

Qihui Chen, Chunchen Pei, Yunli Bai, Qiran Zhao. Impacts of Nutrition Subsidies on Diet Diversity and Nutritional Outcomes of Primary School Students in Rural Northwestern China—Do Policy Targets and Incentives Matter? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (16):2891.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qihui Chen; Chunchen Pei; Yunli Bai; Qiran Zhao. 2019. "Impacts of Nutrition Subsidies on Diet Diversity and Nutritional Outcomes of Primary School Students in Rural Northwestern China—Do Policy Targets and Incentives Matter?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 16: 2891.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2019 in Journal of Integrative Agriculture
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Xiao-Yue Liu; Qi-Ran Zhao; Qihui Chen. Better nutrition, healthier mind? Experimental evidence from primary schools in rural northwestern China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019, 18, 1768 -1779.

AMA Style

Xiao-Yue Liu, Qi-Ran Zhao, Qihui Chen. Better nutrition, healthier mind? Experimental evidence from primary schools in rural northwestern China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2019; 18 (8):1768-1779.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiao-Yue Liu; Qi-Ran Zhao; Qihui Chen. 2019. "Better nutrition, healthier mind? Experimental evidence from primary schools in rural northwestern China." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 18, no. 8: 1768-1779.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2019 in Journal of Integrative Agriculture
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Sai-Wei Li; Chen Zhu; Qihui Chen; Yu-Mei Liu. Consumer confidence and consumers' preferences for infant formulas in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019, 18, 1793 -1803.

AMA Style

Sai-Wei Li, Chen Zhu, Qihui Chen, Yu-Mei Liu. Consumer confidence and consumers' preferences for infant formulas in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2019; 18 (8):1793-1803.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sai-Wei Li; Chen Zhu; Qihui Chen; Yu-Mei Liu. 2019. "Consumer confidence and consumers' preferences for infant formulas in China." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 18, no. 8: 1793-1803.

Journal article
Published: 22 July 2019 in Applied Economics Letters
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Bhagyashree Katare; Qihui Chen; Michael Wetzstein. Exam credits and exam performance in university economics courses − evidence from a regression discontinuity experiment. Applied Economics Letters 2019, 27, 685 -689.

AMA Style

Bhagyashree Katare, Qihui Chen, Michael Wetzstein. Exam credits and exam performance in university economics courses − evidence from a regression discontinuity experiment. Applied Economics Letters. 2019; 27 (9):685-689.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bhagyashree Katare; Qihui Chen; Michael Wetzstein. 2019. "Exam credits and exam performance in university economics courses − evidence from a regression discontinuity experiment." Applied Economics Letters 27, no. 9: 685-689.

Short communication
Published: 25 April 2019 in Economics Letters
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Using appearance scores created by facial-recognition and machine-learning programs that incorporate tens of thousands of individuals’ appearance preferences, we find in China’s migrant schools that students’ appearance has a statistically significant and positive effect on their teachers’ evaluation of their exam performance, even after netting out the influences of important confounders such as physical growth, cognitive ability, mental health status, family background, and school quality.

ACS Style

Qihui Chen; Xiaobing Wang; Qiran Zhao. Appearance Discrimination in Grading? − Evidence from Migrant Schools in China. Economics Letters 2019, 181, 116 -119.

AMA Style

Qihui Chen, Xiaobing Wang, Qiran Zhao. Appearance Discrimination in Grading? − Evidence from Migrant Schools in China. Economics Letters. 2019; 181 ():116-119.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qihui Chen; Xiaobing Wang; Qiran Zhao. 2019. "Appearance Discrimination in Grading? − Evidence from Migrant Schools in China." Economics Letters 181, no. : 116-119.

Journal article
Published: 13 December 2018 in Preventive Veterinary Medicine
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Hog pseudorabies (Aujeszky’s disease) can incur serious losses for farm owners and even the entire hog industry by causing infertility, abortion, and stillbirth among sows, as well as diarrhoea, respiratory failure, and death among piglets. Pseudorabies virus could be prevented, controlled, and eliminated by clean-up at both farm and regional levels through a strict procedure of vaccination, quarantine, diagnosis, elimination of positive animals, and healthy animals nurturing. Using data from 63 large-scale hog farms from nine provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) of China, we evaluated the economic consequences of hog pseudorabies clean-up in China’s hog farms based on a partial budgeting method. By comparing large-scale hog farms that have performed pseudorabies clean-up with similar farms that have not, we analysed how clean-up affected farm profit and whether there existed sufficient economic incentives for farm owners to adopt pseudorabies control measures. Further, we examined how the economic consequences varied with factors such as clean-up history and farm size. The findings showed that, on average, clean-up adopters outperformed non-adopters by 8.02 million yuan per farm per year within the four years post clean-up adoption. Also, we found that the net profit changes attributable to pseudorabies clean-up increased over time and with farm size. Although we cannot extrapolate to all Chinese hog farms, these findings suggest that the earlier a hog farm adopted pseudorabies clean-up, the larger the economic benefits would be, especially for large-scale farms.

ACS Style

Yumei Liu; Qihui Chen; Xudong Rao; Xinyu Diao; Lin Yang; Xiangming Fang; Henk Hogeveen. An economic assessment of pseudorabies (Aujeszky’ disease) elimination on hog farms in China. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 2018, 163, 24 -30.

AMA Style

Yumei Liu, Qihui Chen, Xudong Rao, Xinyu Diao, Lin Yang, Xiangming Fang, Henk Hogeveen. An economic assessment of pseudorabies (Aujeszky’ disease) elimination on hog farms in China. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 2018; 163 ():24-30.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yumei Liu; Qihui Chen; Xudong Rao; Xinyu Diao; Lin Yang; Xiangming Fang; Henk Hogeveen. 2018. "An economic assessment of pseudorabies (Aujeszky’ disease) elimination on hog farms in China." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 163, no. : 24-30.