Glucosamine is a natural drug widely used for treating osteoarthritis and is usually left until it expires, which will cause a waste of resources if treated as garbage. However, its molecule contains many heteroatoms, entitling it to be a potential corrosion inhibitor. In this investigation, the corrosion inhibition activities of two types of expired glucosamine drugs (glucosamine hydrochloride and glucosamine sulfate) on carbon steel were estimated by electrochemical methods in the acidic solution. The results demonstrated that the glucosamine drugs were mixed-type corrosion inhibitors. Glucosamine hydrochloride could inhibit the carbon steel corrosion more significantly than that of sulfuric style at the same glucosamine content, suggesting a possible synergistic effect of glucosamine molecules with halide ions. Then, the co-adsorption behaviors of glucosamine sulfate with iodide ions were studied by experimental research, as well as theoretical investigations. The results indicated that the inhibition effect could be significantly enhanced when the glucosamine drug was utilized in combination with iodide ions. The electronic structures played a critical role in the synergistic inhibition of glucosamine drugs and iodide ions. Neutral molecules could interact with the metallic surface vertically through the amino and carbonyl groups, while protonated molecules were able to adsorb on it in parallel with the help of multiple functional groups. Since glucosamine molecules would be protonated and positively charged in the acidic solution, they were difficult to adsorb on the solid surface with metallic cations. When the iodide ions were presented, they preferentially adsorbed on the carbon steel surface and induced it to be negatively charged. Therefore, protonated glucosamine molecules could adsorb on the metallic surface using iodide ions as a bridge and form a protective film to mitigate the carbon steel corrosion.

Polyimide (PI) with ultra-high thermal resistance and stability is essential for application as a flexible substrate in electronic devices. Here, the Upilex-type polyimides, which contained flexibly “twisted” 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA), have achieved various performance improvements via copolymerization with a diamine containing benzimidazole structure. With the rigid benzimidazole-based diamine bearing conjugated heterocyclic moieties and hydrogen bond donors fused into the PI backbone, the benzimidazole-containing PI showed outstanding thermal, mechanical, and dielectric performance. Specifically, the PI containing 50% bis-benzimidazole diamine achieved a 5% decomposition temperature at 554 °C, an excellent high glass transition temperature of 448 °C, and a coefficient of thermal expansion lowered to 16.1 ppm/K. Meanwhile, the tensile strength and modulus of the PI films containing 50% mono-benzimidazole diamine increased to 148.6 MPa and 4.1 GPa, respectively. Due to the synergistic effect of rigid benzimidazole and hinged, flexible ODA, all PI films exhibited an elongation at break above 4.3%. The electrical insulation of the PI films was also improved with a dielectric constant lowered to 1.29. In summary, with appropriate mixing of rigid and flexible moieties in the PI backbone, all the PI films showed superior thermal stability, excellent flexibility, and acceptable electrical insulation.

Novel superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) were synthesized by performing aqueous solution graft copolymerization of potato starch xanthate and partially hydrolyzed acrylamide using N , N ′-methylene-bis-acrylamide as a crosslinker and potassium persulfate as an oxidant at 35–45°C. Various factors that influence the water absorption of SAPs were studied in detail, and the optimum formulation ratio was determined via orthogonal experiments. Several spectroscopic techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy, were used to determine the structure of the SAPs. In addition, adsorption experiments were carried out with various heavy metal ions, including divalent copper ions, zinc ions, nickel ions, cobalt ions, cadmium ions, and lead ions. Experiments showed that the prepared SAP has a high adsorption performance (>48 mg·g ⁻¹ ). Thus, these materials are expected to have important applications in the removal of heavy metal ions and the separation of dyes in aquatic environments.

The vehicle model was built based on MATLAB/Simulink and Carsim, and the multi-objective active collision avoidance control algorithm considering safety and comfort was established based on a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm. The vehicle active collision avoidance control system for comfort and safety was studied by simulation and experimentation. The results show that the active collision avoidance control system based on an MPC algorithm can follow the vehicle under different working conditions and ensure the safety and comfort in the process of following the vehicle while meeting the requirements of the active collision avoidance control system.

It is a major challenge to prepare commercially viable scale semifluorinated liquid-crystalline block copolymers (SEFL-BCPs) using solution processing techniques. The technology of selectively solvating one block in a suitable solvent to realize self-assembly provides a promising route for the preparation of core-corona block polymer materials with extensive potential applications. However, considerable limitations have been discovered after much practice. BCP assemblies often require a separate synthesis step and are performed at high dilution. Herein, a one-pot approach combining polymerization-induced and crystallization-driven self-assembly (PISA-CDSA) was used to obtain well-defined, precise compositions of SEFL-BCPs. It is first synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer ethanol dispersion polymerization between 1 H ,1 H ,2 H ,2 H -heptadecafluorodecyl acrylate and poly( N,N -dimethylacrylamide) at a concentration up to 20% v/v. Various morphologies, including 1D fiber-like micelles, 2D lamellar structures, and fusion structures, were first observed via transmission electron microscopy. This scalable PISA-CDSA strategy is greatly expanding the morphology scope and applicability of the polymer liquid crystal materials science field.

Here, we report a novel method for regulating the morphology of block copolymer assemblies through the use of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer dispersion polymerization in ethanol. In this method, poly( N , N -dimethylacrylamide) is used as a macromolecular chain transfer agent, and the side chain length of the ionic liquid monomer is modified. A notable change in the morphology of the alkyl-imidazole monomer (1-alkyl-3-(4-vinylbenzyl) imidazolium tetrafluoroborate) was observed when the side chain length was modified from methyl to butyl. This phenomenon can be attributed to a structural change in the alkyl imidazole monomers, which resulted in enhanced solvent-phobic properties. The polymerization kinetics and glass transition temperatures of the block polymers were investigated. These results demonstrated that the polymerization rate increased with increasing number of side chains, whereas the glass transition temperature of the block polymers decreased. It provides a novel approach for the synthesis and utilization of poly(ionic liquid) block polymers with higher-order morphologies.