The most common primary malignant brain tumors in adults are gliomas. Glioblastoma is the most prevalent and aggressive tumor subtype of glioma. Current standards for the treatment of glioblastoma include a combination of surgical, radiation, and drug therapy methods. The drug therapy currently includes temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating agent, and bevacizumab, a recombinant monoclonal IgG1 antibody that selectively binds to and inhibits the biological activity of vascular endothelial growth factor. Supplementation of glioblastoma radiation therapy with TMZ increased patient survival from 12.1 to 14.6 months. The specificity of TMZ effect on brain tumors is largely determined by special aspects of its pharmacokinetics. TMZ is an orally bioavailable prodrug, which is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is converted to its active alkylating metabolite 5-(3-methyl triazen-1-yl)imidazole-4-carbozamide (MTIC) spontaneously in physiological condition that does not require hepatic involvement. MTIC produced in the plasma is not able to cross the BBB and is formed locally in the brain. A promising way to increase the effectiveness of TMZ chemotherapy for glioblastoma is to prevent its hydrolysis in peripheral tissues and thereby increase the drug concentration in the brain that nanoscale delivery systems can provide. The review discusses possible ways to increase the efficacy of TMZ using nanocarriers.

(1) Background: Antibiotics are used in every medical field including dentistry, where they are used for the prevention of postoperative complications in routine clinical practice during the third molar extraction. (2) Methods: This study is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The present systematic review aimed to evaluate and systematize the use of antibacterial drugs in order to prevent postoperative complications in outpatient oral surgery for wisdom teeth extraction. We conducted a systematic review using electronic databases such as Medline PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included randomized clinical trials published up to 2021 investigating the antibiotic prescription for third molar extraction. (3) Results: We selected 10 studies after the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that the most widely used antibiotic was amoxicillin both with and without clavulanic acid, in different dosages and duration. There were no statistically significant differences between treatment groups for development of postoperative complications. (4) Conclusions: Based on the analysis of the included studies, penicillin is currently the most widely prescribed group of antibiotics. The widespread use of this antibiotic group can lead to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Due to increasing prevalence of bacteria resistance to penicillins, clinicians should carefully prescribe these antibiotics and be aware that the widespread use of amoxicillin may do more harm than good for the population.

Изучены анксиолитические свойства димерных дипептидных миметиков 1-й (ГСБ-214), 2-й (ГТС-201) и 4-й (ГСБ-106) петель мозгового нейротрофического фактора (BDNF), взаимодействующих с TrkB-рецепторами и по-разному активирующих пострецепторные сигнальные пути. Впервые в тесте «Приподнятый крестообразный лабиринт» выявлены анксиолитические свойства соединений ГСБ-106 и ГТС-201 в диапазоне доз 0,1 – 5 мг/кг (внутрибрюшинно) при однократном введении и показана зависимость эффекта от дозы у мышей-самцов CD-1. Активация МАРК/ERK1/2 и PI3K/AKT путей определяет наиболее выраженный анксиолитический эффект ГСБ-106 в дозе 1 мг/кг, по сравнению с умеренным действием ГТС-201, преимущественно активирующим МАРК/ERK1/2 путь и отсутствием эффекта у ГСБ-214, влияющего на PI3K/AKT путь. Таким образом, проявление анксиолитической активности миметиков BDNF связано с активацией ERK1/2 и AKT сигнальных путей.

Background: Tooth extraction is often accompanied by bone tissue loss. This systematic review aims to compare osteoplastic materials for socket preservation. Methods: This systematic review was carried out with the PRISMA statement. To identify relevant studies, a thorough literature search was executed in several databases, such as Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The inclusion criteria were restricted to randomized controlled trials, and their methodological quality was evaluated with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (ROB 2). Results: Based on the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, nine randomized clinical trials published before 2024 were selected for analysis, all of them investigating the application of osteoplastic materials. Six studies performed xenogenic bone augmentation; one of them compared alloplastic and xenogenic materials; two studies described synthetic osteoplastic materials; and one described autogenic bone material. Conclusion: Socket augmentation with osteoplastic materials demonstrates effectiveness in preserving alveolar ridge dimensions and creating favorable conditions for further implant placement, though differences in clinical performance highlight the need for careful material selection.

(1) Background: Impacted third molar extraction with a scalpel and rotary instruments is one of the most traumatic surgeries in dentistry. Therefore, it is necessary to discover less traumatic methods and instruments to reduce the risk of postoperative complications. (2) Methods: This study is reported in accordance with the CONSORT guidelines. The study aim is to assess the effectiveness of an Er:YAG laser with a wavelength of 2.94 μm, cutting and rotating instruments in the extraction of lower third molars in comparison with the traditional instruments using clinical and radiology parameters. In the control group, the impacted third molars were extracted with the traditional instruments, like scalpel and rotary instruments; in the test group, the impacted third molars were extracted with an Er:YAG laser. As per the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we enrolled 60 patients who were randomly assigned into two groups (Er:YAG laser group and control group). The efficacy of the Er:YAG laser was assessed by postoperative pain, collateral swelling, mouth opening, and radiology parameters such as radiographic infrabony defects and radiographic bone height after tooth extraction. (3) Results: The results showed that the clinical postoperative parameters like pain, collateral swelling, and mouth opening were less pronounced in the Er:YAG laser group than those in the control group (p < 0.001). According to the data of the radiology parameters (RBH and RID), the regeneration of the socket after extraction was better in the laser group than in the control group (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Based on the obtained results of clinical and radiology parameters assessment, it was shown that third molar extraction using an Er:YAG laser is a less traumatic method than extraction using a scalpel and rotary instruments.

To assess the pharmacological safety of the dipeptide mimetic of the 2nd loop of BDNF (compound GTS-201) when co-administered with ethanol, its effect on the alteration in motor activity induced by ethanol during acute and subchronic administration in mice C57Bl/6 and DBA/2 was studied. It was found that GTS-201 at a dose of 5.0 mg / kg, i.p., without affecting spontaneous motor activity per se, after a preliminary acute administration prevented the development of a sedative reaction caused by ethanol (2.0 g/ kg, i.p.) in C57Bl/6 mice. After subchronic administration, GTS-201 is devoid of psychostimulant effect and impact on the formation of ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization in DBA/2 mice. The data obtained indicate the absence of a psychostimulant component and synergism in the pharmacological profile of GTS-201 when used with ethanol at low dose.