La educación inclusiva es un proceso que trata de eliminar las barreras que dificultan la presencia, participación y éxito de todo el alumnado. Por consiguiente, una barrera para la inclusión es la ausencia de cierto alumnado, como el alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales (NEE), en escenarios educativos ordinarios. Este artículo tiene el objetivo de explorar el estado actual y analizar la evolución en la última década (2006-2007 a 2016-2017) del tipo de escolarización de este alumnado, desde la perspectiva nacional y autonómica de España. Para ello, se ha recurrido a un estudio documental , concretamente, de revisión estadística de los datos proporcionados por el Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional, a partir de los siguientes indicadores: alumnado con NEE, alumnado con NEE escolarizado en centros específicos de educación especial, alumnado con NEE escolarizado en unidades especiales en centros ordinarios, alumnado con NEE escolarizado en contextos ordinarios y número de unidades de escolarización en modalidad no ordinaria. Los resultados muestran que, si bien en el estado español se ha progresado mucho en la apuesta por la educación inclusiva, el número de alumnado con NEE escolarizado en emplazamientos no ordinarios se ha visto incrementado en los últimos años. Se concluye que es necesario promover políticas de escolarización del alumnado con NEE que garantice su presencia en contextos ordinarios para desarrollar una atención educativa de calidad e inclusiva.

The movement for effective schools and school improvement has enjoyed a long history, at both the theoretical and practical level. The contextual variables focused on the educational process of the classrooms have been identified in numerous investigations, concluding that the improvement of academic performance is a key element of the movement. The main objective of this research is focused on verifying the effectiveness of the treatment based on collaborative/cooperative learning methodologies and projects to improve the linguistic and mathematical competence as an enhancing element of academic performance. The sample consists of 228 students belonging to two public schools located in the city of Murcia (Spain), selected through judgmental or discretionary sampling. A quasi-experimental design with pretest and post-test and control group was employed, verifying the effectiveness of the treatment, and how it influences the improvement of the academic performance of the students in the experimental group. It concludes by pointing out the importance of learning strategies and applied teaching methodologies, understanding both within the conglomerate of process factors in the improvement of academic performance.

This paper reports the results of a research project in which educational software was used to teach social and emotional skills to primary and secondary school students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The participants with difficulties in recognizing emotional states were nine male and female students aged between 8 and 18, with a mental age range of between 5 and 7 years. A single group design with pre-test/post-test was used. The students were assessed before teaching in relation to their levels of social and emotional skills. This assessment was intended to set the starting level of the teaching process for each student. The educational intervention consisted of two 45-minute weekly sessions for 20 weeks over two academic years (2006/2008). Following the intervention, each student was again assessed. Results indicate that the pupils improved their performance in tasks that evaluate the ability to recognize and understand emotional expressions. These results confirmed that the use of educational software for teaching social and emotional skills helps students with ASD to improve their ability to perform tasks aimed at the understanding of emotional skills. In addition, the participants improved their social skills significantly, a fact that was noticed by both teachers and families.En este artículo se presentan los resultados de una investigación en la que se ha utilizado un software educativo para apoyar el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de competencias emocionales y sociales en alumnado con trastornos del espectro autista (TEA) escolarizado en educación primaria y secundaria. Los participantes, con dificultades en el reconocimiento de estados emocionales, han sido nueve alumnos de edades comprendidas entre los 8 y 18 años, de ambos sexos y con un rango de índice de edad mental entre 5 y 7 años de edad. Para ello, se utilizó un diseño de grupo único con pretest-postest. Así, antes del proceso de enseñanza, el alumnado fue evaluado con relación a sus niveles de competencia emocional y social, con la finalidad de establecer, también, el nivel de inicio del proceso de enseñanza para cada uno de ellos. El proceso de enseñanza se desarrolló a lo largo de dos sesiones semanales de 45 minutos, cada una, en un intervalo de dos cursos académicos (2006/08). Tras el proceso de intervención educativa, los alumnos fueron nuevamente evaluados. Los resultados obtenidos confirman que la utilización del software educativo en la enseñanza de competencias emocionales y sociales ayuda a los alumnos a mejorar su capacidad para superar tareas encaminadas a la comprensión de competencias emocionales. Además, los participantes mejoraron sus competencias sociales ya que docentes y familiares apreciaron progresos significativos en esta área.

Achieving inclusive education is a primary challenge for the educational community. Inclusion refers to equal access to education—to the presence, participation and learning of all students. Offering an inclusive education requires all students to share time and space together in the mainstream classroom, that the educational community manifests a positive attitude towards diversity, and that educational centers plan to welcome diversity in their classrooms. The general objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of students with SEN enrolled in SOCs in mainstream schools based on their presence, the attitudes of the educational community and the planning processes developed. This was a descriptive study with a dominant status mixed design (QUAN-Qual). The population investigated in this research included the total number of SOCs of the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia (Spain) (n = 108). The sample obtained comprised 3.891 people belonging to 88 SOCs from 68 educational centers, which implies a confidence interval of 99% (Z = 2.576) and a margin of error of less than 5%. The data collection instruments used included seven questionnaires, adapted for the purposes of the study, for the quantitative phase, and semi-structured interviews, focus groups and discussion groups for the qualitative phase. The study results indicated that the attitudes of the educational community were the main determinant of inclusion. There is a need to reflect on and undertake actions to eliminate existing barriers to the operation of SOCs, since the involvement of students with SEN in the academic and social life of educational centers, and in mainstream classrooms, is not guaranteed.

Escuchar las voces del alumnado para construir la inclusión y la equidad educativa: diseño y validación de un cuestionario