Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder common from childhood to adulthood, affecting 5% to 12% among the general population in developed countries. Potential etiological factors have been identified, including genetic causes, environmental elements and epigenetic components. Nutrition is currently considered an influencing factor, and several studies have explored the contribution of restriction and dietary supplements in ADHD treatments. Iron is an essential cofactor required for a number of functions, such as transport of oxygen, immune function, cellular respiration, neurotransmitter metabolism (dopamine production), and DNA synthesis. Zinc is also an essential trace element, required for cellular functions related to the metabolism of neurotransmitters, melatonin, and prostaglandins. Epidemiological studies have found that iron and zinc deficiencies are common nutritional deficits worldwide, with important roles on neurologic functions (poor memory, inattentiveness, and impulsiveness), finicky appetite, and mood changes (sadness and irritability). Altered levels of iron and zinc have been related with the aggravation and progression of ADHD. Objective: This is a systematic review focused on the contribution of iron and zinc in the progression of ADHD among children and adolescents, and how therapies including these elements are tolerated along with its effectiveness (according to PRISMA guidelines). Method: The scientific literature was screened for randomized controlled trials published between January 2000 to July 2021. The databases consulted were Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed quality and risk of bias (CONSORT, NICE, and Cochrane checklists used). Conclusion: Nine studies met the eligibility criteria and were selected. Evidence was obtained regarding the contribution of iron-zinc supplementation in the treatment of ADHD among young individuals. The discussion was focused on how the deficits of these elements contribute to affectation on multiple ADHD correlates, and potential mechanisms explaining the mediational pathways. Evidence also suggested that treating ADHD with diet interventions might be particularly useful for specific subgroups of children and adolescents, but further investigations of the effects of these diet interventions are needed.

The objective of the present study was to analyze the psychometric properties of validity and reliability of the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale (GADS) in Ecuadorian university students, since a cultural validation of the instrument has not been found in Ecuador. The study population consisted of a non-probabilistic sample of 600 participants (59.6% women and 40.4% men, M = 21 years, SD = 2.82). The factorial structure was examined with the method of extraction by Parallel Analysis of unweighted least squares (ULS) and of prominent rotation. In both, internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficients and composite reliability. Like the original version, both subscales have a factorial structure of one dimension and are considered good in terms of reliability, which concludes that the scale meets the criteria of validity and reliability in Ecuador.

The minimal-degree distributed denial-of-service attack takes advantage of flaws in the adaptive mechanisms of network protocols, which could have a big impact on network service quality. It is very hard to find, has a low attack rate, and comes at a set time. Detection methods that have been used before have problems because they only use one type of detection and are not very good at identifying the object. In the end, a way to detect many sorts of minimal DDoS assaults that use deep hybrid learning is suggested. To construct multi-type limited DDoS threat data sets and mimic diverse sorts DDoS assaults and legitimate traffic in varying situations in the 5G setting, collect congestion at the networking entry and extract flow feature info are considered. From a statistical threshold and feature engineering point of view, these data sets show how many sorts of minimal DDoS assaults are there. This study aims to develop a deep hybrid learning-based multi-type low-rate DDoS attack detection solution for 5G networks which is the novel model that is recently deployed, and a hybrid deep learning algorithm was used to train the algorithm offline, and the algorithm’s performance was compared to that of the LSTM-Light GBM and LSTM-RF algorithms. The CNN-RF revealing model was then used to detect minimal DDoS assaults at the gateway, so that multiple attacks could be detected at the same time. It can identify 4 sorts of low-rate DDoS assaults like Slow-Headers, Slow-Body, Slow-Read, and Shrew assaults, in a 120-second window. The false intercept rate is 11.03 percent. This means that 96.22 percent of traffic could be found. Using the strategy suggested can help cut down on the traffic concentration of minimal DDoS attacks at the net ingress. It can also be used in real-world situations.

In this research, an analysis of the electricity market in Ecuador is carried out, a portfolio of projects by source is presented, which are structured in maps with a view to an energy transition according to the official data provided. State policies are analyzed, as well as the opportunities for development in renewable energies offered by the reform of the Organic Law of the Electric Power Public Service. Additionally, the roadmap is presented, which includes an increase in the levels of renewable energies and a decrease in fossil fuels in consideration of the growing demand for electrical energy with a view to 2050 in accordance with the state approaches defined in recent years. It is considered that the total 100% renewable installed capacity by 2050 is 26,551.18 MW compared to 11,306.26 MW in 2020 between renewable and non-renewable. It is expected that the current legal framework will continue to articulate strategies for a greater penetration of renewable energies, that national purposes be achieved and international agreements celebrated both regionally and globally be fulfilled, so it is important that sufficient resources are allocated to achieve this long-awaited energy transition in Ecuador.