This study aimed to develop a chemically stable niosomal eye drop containing fosinopril (FOS) for lowering intraocular pressure. The effects of cyclodextrin (CD), surfactant types and membrane stabilizer/charged inducers on physiochemical and chemical properties of niosome were evaluated. The pH value, average particle size, size distribution and zeta potentials were within the acceptable range. All niosomal formulations were shown to be slightly hypertonic with low viscosity. Span^® 60/dicetyl phosphate niosomes in the presence and absence of γCD were selected as the optimum formulations according to their high %entrapment efficiency and negative zeta potential values as well as controlled release profile. According to ex vivo permeation study, the obtained lowest flux and apparent permeability coefficient values confirmed that FOS/γCD complex was encapsulated within the inner aqueous core of niosome and could be able to protect FOS from its hydrolytic degradation. The in vitro cytotoxicity revealed that niosome entrapped FOS or FOS/γCD formulations were moderate irritation to the eyes. Furthermore, FOS-loaded niosomal preparations exhibited good physical and chemical stabilities especially of those in the presence of γCD, for at least three months under the storage condition of 2–8 °C.

The specific aim of the study was to develop and validate a simple reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for assay of brazilin in Caesalpinia sappan L. (sappanwood) extracts. Validation of the HPLC method was conducted unde.

Gamma−aminobutyric acid (GABA) presents several potential skin benefits, but its water−soluble nature poses challenges for effectively penetrating the skin to produce its effects. This research aimed to improve GABA’s skin penetration and availability by employing a nanoemulsion formulation, both with and without the aid of the penetration enhancer 1,8−cineole. Using a high−pressure homogenizer, an oil−in−water nanoemulsion was created, and its size and distribution were analyzed. The stability of these nanoemulsions was tested under various conditions, revealing their resilience over six months, even at elevated temperatures of 40 °C. In vitro tests on pig skin showed that GABA−loaded nanoemulsions, particularly those without the enhancer, demonstrated a nearly 2.89−fold increase in skin permeation compared to the solution form. Moreover, the addition of the enhancer amplified this effect, resulting in over a 3.37−fold increase in skin permeation compared to the solution. These results emphasize the potential of nanoemulsion formulations as effective tools for enhancing GABA’s skin permeation and availability, potentially expanding its use in dermatological applications. Further exploration and research are necessary to fully exploit GABA’s capabilities in supporting skin health and wellness.

Objective: This research aimed to investigate the effect of cell lysis methods on a quantity of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) produced by Methylobacterium strains. Methods: Methylobacterium organophilum NBRC 15689T and Methylobacterium strain LRY1-08 were used to.

Background: Microencapsulation has received increasing attention across various industries, including pharmaceutics, cosmetics, foods, and biotechnology because of its many benefits. One method to prepare microparticles is an ionic gelation technique because of its simplicity and mild processing conditions. In this study, alginate beads encapsulating rice bran oil (RBO) for cosmetic applications were prepared using ionic gelation through vibration-nozzle coextrusion technology. Objective: The research aimed to investigate the effect of process parameters on the physical properties of alginate beads. Methods: Alginate beads encapsulating RBO were produced using Encapsulator B-390 with a concentric nozzle system. The shell material comprised 2% w/w sodium alginate, while 1.5% w/v calcium chloride served as the cross-linking agent. The study focused on the effects of various process parameters, including frequency, amplitude, electrode tension, and inner-outer flow rates on physical appearance, encapsulation of RBO in alginate beads, particle size, and size distribution. An experimental design was implemented to achieve alginate beads with optimal morphological characteristics. Results: The findings demonstrated that all investigated process parameters significantly influenced the physical properties of the alginate beads. The optimum process parameters were a frequency of 40 Hz, an amplitude of 6, an electrode tension of 0 V, an inner flow rate of 4 mL/min, and an outer flow rate of 14 mL/min. The resulting alginate beads exhibited an average size of 2.07 ± 0.27 mm, a spherical shape, and RBO encapsulation in the core, surrounded by a uniformly thick shell. Conclusion: These process parameters can be applied to develop alginate beads encapsulating cosmetic oils within a core-shell structure for application in cosmetic products.