Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is a worldwide vegetable crop with rich nutritional value, and drought is the main factor restricting its growth. Magnetized water and de-electronated water have shown potential for improving yield and quality in some crops. To assess the influence of magnetized-de-electronated water (denoted magnetoelectric water) on the growth characteristics of spinach, five soil moisture gradients were developed, including 45–55%, 55–65%, 65–75%, 75–85%, and 85–95% of field capacity (FC). The results demonstrated that the influence of irrigation by magnetoelectric water on the growth of spinach was obvious. All the spinach indicators with each soil moisture gradient under irrigation by magnetoelectric water were higher than those of irrigation by conventional water, including the fresh weight of shoots, chlorophyll content, and the total nitrogen content in the leaves. In particular, the improvement in fresh weight of shoots and the total nitrogen contents in the leaves had the highest values, as demonstrated by increases of 52.26% and 25.87%, respectively, under 65–75% of the gradient of FC. Additionally, the fitting results of the photo response curve by different light response models varied. The modified rectangular hyperbolic model was the most accurate for all the treatment groups and thus was the optimized model for the photosynthetic characteristics of spinach under irrigation by magnetoelectric water analysis. The parameters of the photo response curve showed that the dark respiration rate, apparent quantum efficiency, light saturation point, and maximum net photosynthetic rate all increased following irrigation by magnetoelectric water with different soil moisture gradients compared with conventional water irrigation. These research results can provide new technical support for improving the water use efficiency of irrigation water and increasing vegetable production.

The long-term utilization of inorganic fertilizers in pakchoi cultivation can result in increased nitrate levels, potentially posing health risks to human consumers. For this study, we investigated the efficacy of organic fertilizers as a promising alternative for enhancing soil structure, improving fertility, and increasing the yield of pakchoi. A two-year field trial was conducted from 2022 to 2023 to examine the effects of the combined application of organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of pakchoi. Three types of irrigation water, namely fresh water (F), brackish water (B), and magnetized–ionized brackish water (MIB), were used in combination with five different organic fertilizer rates (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg/ha, denoted as 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4). The results revealed that treatments F2, F3, B2, B3, and MIB3 significantly improved the growth indexes of pakchoi. Notably, treatments F3, B3, and MIB3 resulted in an earlier onset of the fast growth period for leaf area index and fresh weight. During this period, we observed the highest cumulative growing degree days (ΔCGDD) values, which were 628.36 °C for plant height (MIB4), 475.01 °C for leaf area index (B3), 259.73 °C for fresh weight (B3), and 416.82 °C for dry matter accumulation (B3). The logistic model indicated an increase in eigenvalue at an organic fertilizer application rate of 60 kg/ha, while excessive fertilization had inhibitory effects. Under brackish water irrigation, both plant height and leaf area index demonstrated significant positive effects on yield, with plant height having a particularly noteworthy direct effect at a coefficient of 0.935. MIB water irrigation demonstrated superior advantages for promoting pakchoi growth, leading to significantly higher rates of fresh weight and dry matter accumulation compared to traditional brackish water irrigation. The maximum value of each growth index exerted a significant direct influence on its respective growth parameter, whereas ΔCGDD demonstrated a relatively smaller or potentially negative effect. Applying organic fertilizer appropriately can assist in the production of pakchoi and provide a scientific basis for increasing yield.

The foliar application of biostimulants at specific concentrations under magnetic–electric water irrigation has a positive effect on water and fertilizer use efficiency and yield of cotton, which is crucial for green and sustainable agricultural development. As a new type of fertilizer, biostimulants have demonstrated remarkable effects in improving crop yield and quality by enhancing nutrient uptake, promoting plant growth, and increasing resilience to environmental stress. In this study, the effects of magnetic–electric-activated water irrigation and foliar biostimulant application on cotton growth and yield were investigated, with the aim of understanding the underlying mechanisms. The field experiment included various irrigation treatments (brackish water, fresh water, magnetic–electric brackish water, and magnetic–electric fresh water) and biostimulant concentrations (1600, 1200, 800, 400 times dilution, and no spraying). SEM analysis indicated that under magnetoelectric water irrigation, the foliar application of biostimulants enhances physiological growth of cotton, improving the water and nutrient uptake efficiency, and thereby increasing yield. Specifically, the effective boll number and single boll weight under magnetic–electric fresh water irrigation with an 800 times biostimulant concentration increased by 21.84–48.78% and 5.50–18.91%, respectively, compared to the no-spraying treatment. The seed cotton yield rose by 16.61–38.63%, water-use efficiency improved by 24.35%, the harvest index reached 0.33, and nitrogen absorption increased by 76.21%. Thus, integrating magnetic–electric water irrigation with foliar biostimulants offers a theoretical and technical foundation for advancing green, high-quality agriculture and sustainable production.