The Internet of robotic things (IoRT) is the combination of different technologies including cloud computing, robots, Internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML). IoRT plays a major role in manufacturing, healthcare, security, and transport. IoRT can speed up human development by a very significant percentage. IoRT allows robots to transmit and receive data to and from other devices and users. In this paper, IoRT is reviewed in terms of the related techniques, architectures, and abilities. Consequently, the related research challenges are presented. IoRT architectures are vital in the design of robotic systems and robotic things. The existing 3–7-tier IoRT architectures are studied. Subsequently, a detailed IoRT architecture is proposed. Robotic technologies provide the means to increase the performance and capabilities of the user, product, or process. However, robotic technologies are vulnerable to attacks on data security. Trust-based and encryption-based mechanisms can be used for secure communication among robotic things. A security method is recommended to provide a secure and trustworthy data-sharing mechanism in IoRT. Significant security challenges are also discussed. Several known attacks on ad hoc networks are illustrated. Threat models ensure integrity confidentiality and availability of the data. In a network, trust models are used to boost a system’s security. Trust models and IoRT networks play a key role in obtaining a steady and nonvulnerable configuration in the network. In IoRT, remote server access results in remote software updates of robotic things. To study navigation strategies, navigation using fuzzy logic, probabilistic roadmap algorithms, laser scan matching algorithms, heuristic functions, bumper events, and vision-based navigation techniques are considered. Using the given research challenges, future researchers can get contemporary ideas of IoRT implementation in the real world.

The world we live in is where a human-machine connection is a barometer, and this tendency is only growing to provide richer and universal human reminiscences. New technologies, as well as the fusion of different classes of current technologies, are used to create such unique solutions. The Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) is the product of collaboration between robotics and the Internet of Things (IoT), which has opened up incredible potential for localized self-sufficient solutions. Robots can collect accurate data from the environment and provide a comprehensive service instantaneously. Being an amalgamation of two different concepts i.e. IoT and Robotics, the IoRT system is anticipated to benefit both by expanding their potential to innovative heights. This paper gives a concise introduction to the communication architecture of the IoRT system. The taxonomy of various data exchange protocols used in an IoRT system is proposed. The necessary improvements in protocols that are required to enhance communication in an IoRT system are presented. A Review of some data exchange methodologies based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) for secure and reliable communication is also given in this paper. The key motive of this paper is to understand the data exchange within an IoRT system using common communication protocols.