Forests are the largest carbon sinks in the world. They play a crucial role in mitigating climate change through carbon storage. Assessing carbon storage in forests is essential for policy formulation, management planning, and as a strategy to reduce the impacts of global warming. The aims of this research were to explore plant diversity, assess tree biomass, and evaluate carbon storage and carbon credits in urban forestry areas under the Thailand Voluntary Emission Reduction Program (T-VER). The study was conducted in the forested area of Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Surin Campus, Thailand, and encompassed 60.96 ha. The methodology involved the creation of 10 temporary sample plots, each measuring 40 × 40 m. We then surveyed the species types and measured tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and the total height. Biomass was calculated using allometric equations and the stored carbon was quantified. In this study, we identified 85 species of plants. The analysis of tree biomass averaged 23,1781.25 kg/ha or 231.81 ton/ha. The carbon storage was estimated to be 108.94 tC/ha. When aggregating the data for the entire project, the total carbon storage amounted to 6851.55, with an equivalent carbon sequestration capacity of 25,122 tCO₂e in the base year (baseline). We calculated that the carbon storage capacity could increase to 28,741.00 tCO₂e with proper maintenance of the urban forest area over a 10-year period, equivalent to a carbon sequestration capacity of 3619 tCO₂e. This would result in a carbon credit value equivalent to USD 90,475.

Silky Oak or Silver Oak (Grevillea robusta A.Cunn. ex R.Br.) is classified as a high-value economic wood in Thailand, it is also considered to be a plant that can grow rapidly, and it has the potential to efficiently reduce greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere. This research aimed to study and develop an allometric equation to evaluate the biomass of F1 Silky Oak, which was imported to Thailand from Australia, and grown in Thailand’s economic woods in Silky Oak sites in Pak Chong District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. The sample group consisted of trees of different ages (i.e., of 2 years, 3–4 years, and 7 years). An allometric equation was used to determine the tree biomass, based on mathematical models that describe the relationship between tree biomass and diameter at breast height (DBH). It was developed in the form of a quadratic equation by multiplying the square DBH by the total height (DBH² × Ht). Subsequently, the equation was separated into different components, which corresponded with different parts of the tree (i.e., stem, branches, leaves, and roots). The following equations were obtained for the stem: Ws = 0.0721 (D²H) 0.8297 R² = 0.998. The following equations were obtained for the branches: Wb = 0.0772 (D²H) 0.7027 R² = 0.977. The following equations were obtained for the leaves, Wl = 0.2085 (D²H) 0.4313 R² = 0.990. The following equations were obtained for the roots: Wr = 0.3337 (D²H) 0.4886 R² = 0.957. The results of a laboratory elemental analysis of the carbon sequestration in the biomass, using a CHN elemental analyzer, showed that the mean percentage of carbon content in the stems, branches, leaves, and roots was 45.805. Applying the developed allometric equation for evaluating carbon sequestration, using the survey data from the sample sites of Silky Oak, it was found that the amount of carbon sequestration for the aboveground biomass in three sites was 130.63 tCO₂eq. When the amount was converted into carbon dioxide, which was absorbed in the three sites, we obtained a value of 478.99 tCO₂eq. The results of the application of the allometric equation showed that there was substantial carbon sequestration potential in the surveyed sites, emphasizing the role of Silky Oak plantations for climate change mitigation and sustainable land management. This study advances our understanding of Silky Oak growth and carbon storage dynamics, offering valuable tools for biomass estimation and promoting environmentally beneficial land use practices.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a predominant greenhouse gas significantly contributing to atmospheric heat retention, primarily driven by anthropogenic activities intensifying the greenhouse effect. This study aims to evaluate the diversity of plant species, above-ground biomass (AGB), and carbon stock within a dry dipterocarp forest, which is a vital local natural resource. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of plant species diversity, AGB, and carbon stock capacity within a dry dipterocarp forest at the Nature Study Center, Mahasarakham University, located in the Kham Riang Subdistrict of Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham Province, spanning an area of 20.80 hectares. Ten sample plots, each measuring 40 × 40 m, were established and distributed across the study area. The diameter at breast height (DBH) and the height of the trees were meticulously recorded for all trees within these plots. Advanced statistical techniques were employed to calculate the relative dominance (RD), relative frequency (RF), and Importance Value Index (IVI), alongside a comprehensive assessment of plant species diversity. The AGB was assessed using precise allometric equations, with a focus on analyzing carbon storage within woody biomass. The findings revealed the presence of 52 tree species across 26 families within the forest. The total AGB was measured at 144.510 tons, with carbon stock reaching 67.920 tCO₂. These results offer critical insights into enhancing land management strategies to optimize carbon stock, thereby playing a vital role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, a significant factor in climate change dynamics.

Drought is one of the major natural disasters in Thailand, causing significant damage as it greatly affects farming, mostly in the northeastern region of Thailand. The objective of this study was to present a drought analysis using data from the Terra Modis satellite and spectral index in the upper northeastern study area, approximately 52,504.65 km². In operation the Standardized Vegetation Index (SVI) was analyzed, based on calculations from the normalized differences vegetation index (NDVI) values Terra Modis satellite to examine the distribution of plants during 2014-2016. The study found that the largest drought area was in the year 2014, representing 93.12% (or 48,892.33 km²), followed by the year 2015 representing 87.02% (or 45,689.54 km²), and the year 2016 representing 86.42% (or 45,374.51 km²), respectively. The three-year SVI analysis results showed that the statistical correlation of rainfall during the same period is high. The results of this study indicated that drought analysis based on data from Terra Modis effectively identified the patterns of drought-prone areas.

Satellite remote sensing is increasingly applied in the field of environmental protection, especially in atmospheric monitoring. The objective of this study is to monitor Thailand’s atmospheric environment by Satellite remote sensing: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) case study over a 5-year period from 2017 to 2021. Data from Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) was used to analyze atmospheric CO2 concentration using Map Algebra and Interpolation. The results were then analyzed together with relevant environmental factors, including altitude, temperature, rainfall and season. The results showed that (1) CO2 concentration was highest in 2021 with the annual average of 409.903 ppm and lowest in 2017 with the annual average of 401.109 ppm, (2) Analysis based on the height above sea level showed that the lowest CO2 in 2017 was 403.480 ppm, the highest in 2021 was 412.896 ppm, (3) Analysis together with relevant environmental factors such as altitude, temperature, rainfall and season revealed that Thailand’s monthly average CO2 concentration fluctuates over a year depending on the season. It was found that during winter and summer, CO2 concentrations fluctuated with temperature values. In addition, during the rainy season, atmospheric CO2 decreases due to increased plant photosynthetic rates; as a result, CO2 in the atmosphere is consumed and converted into carbon dioxide in the form of wood.

Wildfire is a kind of disaster that can damage living creatures and environment as well as cause small dust affecting to health of people. Wildfire can be naturally occurred and human’s actions. This research aims to evaluate burned areas caused by wildfires in Omkoi Wildlife Sanctuary. The research was conducted by collecting data from Sentinel-2 Satellite for 4 years started from 2017 to 2020. Three formats of spectral indices, i.e., NBR, NDWI, and RBR were used for evaluating burned areas caused by wildfires. Validation was tested by using statistical methods. The results revealed that burned areas from 2017 to 2020 were 0.107 km2, 1.160 km2, 0.387 km2, and 1.031 km2, respectively. The larges burned area was found in 2018 followed by 2020, 2019, and 2017. For validation, it was found that total accuracy of 2017 was 93.33 % with Kappa statistics of 0.87 whereas total accuracy of 2018 was 78.33 % with Kappa statistics of 0.57. In 2019, total accuracy was 81.67 % with Kappa statistics of 0.63. In 2020, total accuracy was 76.67 % with Kappa statistics of 0.53.