There is a growing quantity of evidence on how skin and gut microbiome composition impacts the course of various dermatological diseases. The strategies involving the modulation of bacterial composition are increasingly in the focus of research attention. The aim of the present review was to analyze the literature available in PubMed (MEDLINE) and EMBASE databases on the topic of microbiome modulation in skin diseases. The effects and possible mechanisms of action of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in dermatological conditions including atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis, chronic ulcers, seborrheic dermatitis, burns and acne were analyzed. Due to the very limited number of studies available regarding the topic of microbiome modulation in all skin diseases except for AD, the authors decided to also include case reports and original studies concerning oral administration and topical application of the pro-, pre- and synbiotics in the final analysis. The evaluated studies mostly reported significant health benefits to the patients or show promising results in animal or ex vivo studies. However, due to a limited amount of research and unambiguous results, the topic of microbiome modulation as a therapeutic approach in skin diseases still warrants further investigation.

Gastric cancer is a malignant neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract, with one of the standard treatment methods remaining gastrectomy. The authors conducted a systemic review of the Medline and Embase databases concerning the serum vitamin D level in post-gastrectomy gastric cancer patients, regarding all articles published until 22 May 2022 according to the PRISMA guidelines. 18 studies with a total number of 908 gastric cancer survivors were included in the analysis. The initial rate of vitamin D deficiency in gastric cancer patients undergoing gastrectomy appears to be similar to the global population deficiency. In post-gastrectomy survivors, the level of 25(OH)D may remain stable or decrease, while the level of 1, 25(OH)₂D remains normal. Supplementation with vitamin D results in an improvement in its serum concentration and positively affects bone mineral density, which is gradually reduced in post-gastrectomy survivors. Combining vitamin D supplementation with calcium and bisphosphonates enables us to obtain better results than vitamin D and calcium only. The type of surgery influences the level of serum vitamin D and its metabolites, with total or partial gastrectomy and maintenance of the duodenal food passage remaining the most important factors. There is a strong need for randomized, controlled trials that would investigate this matter in the future.

Background: Gastrectomy due to gastric cancer leads to metabolic alterations in body composition, significantly affecting nutritional status. This prospective study aimed to investigate the metabolic effects of gastrectomy and perioperative treatment on the nutritional status of gastric cancer patients. Methods: A total of 37 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer, treated with perioperative chemotherapy, without evidence of dissemination or metastasis, were included in the study. Demographic data, Body Mass Index, full blood count parameters, lipid profiles, vitamin B12, vitamin D, iron levels, albumin, prealbumin, total serum protein concentration, bioimpedance parameters, physical activity levels, quality of life, Prognostic Nutritional Index, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and systemic immune-inflammation index were assessed preoperatively and at two follow-ups (6 and 12 months post-surgery) for each patient. Results: Significant changes were observed across the analyzed parameters, demonstrating the metabolic impact of gastrectomy and perioperative systemic treatment on the nutritional status of gastric cancer patients. Conclusions: The study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the long-term nutritional status of gastric cancer patients post-gastrectomy, offering valuable insights into postoperative metabolic and dietary adaptations. Obtained results underscore the dynamic physiological adaptations following gastric resection, emphasizing the importance of nutritional and metabolic monitoring for long-term recovery. Targeted rehabilitation strategies and micronutrient supplementation are crucial in reducing postoperative complications and improving patient outcomes.