We encapsulated MSZ in zein nanoparticles (NP-ZN) using a desolvation method followed by drying in a mini spray dryer. These nanoparticles exhibited a size of 266.6 ± 52 nm, IPD of 0.14 ± 1.1 and zeta potential of −36.4 ± 1.5 mV, suggesting colloidal stability. Quantification using HPLC showed a drug-loaded of 43.8 µg/mg. SEM demonstrated a spherical morphology with a size variation from 220 to 400 nm. A FTIR analysis did not show drug spectra in the NPs in relation to the physical mixture, which suggests drug encapsulation without changing its chemical structure. A TGA analysis showed thermal stability up to 300 °C. In vitro release studies demonstrated gastroresistance and a sustained drug release at pH 7.4 (97.67 ± 0.32%) in 120 h. The kinetic model used for the release of MSZ from the NP-ZN in a pH 1.2 medium was the Fickian diffusion, in a pH 6.8 medium it was the Peppas–Sahlin model with the polymeric relaxation mechanism and in a pH 7.4 medium it was the Korsmeyer–Peppas model with the Fickian release mechanism, or “Case I”. An in vitro cytotoxicity study in the CT26.WT cell line showed no basal cytotoxicity up to 500 μg/mL. The NP-ZN showed to be a promising vector for the sustained release of MSZ in the colon by oral route.

The study aimed to evaluate the antitumor and toxicogenetic effects of liposomal nanoformulations containing citrinin in animal breast carcinoma induced by 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA). Mus musculus virgin females were divided into six groups treated with (1) olive oil (10 mL/kg); (2) 7,12-DMBA (6 mg/kg); (3) citrinin, CIT (2 mg/kg), (4) cyclophosphamide, CPA (25 mg/kg), (5) liposomal citrinin, LP-CIT (2 μg/kg), and (6) LP-CIT (6 µg/kg). Metabolic, behavioral, hematological, biochemical, histopathological, and toxicogenetic tests were performed. DMBA and cyclophosphamide induced behavioral changes, not observed for free and liposomal citrinin. No hematological or biochemical changes were observed for LP-CIT. However, free citrinin reduced monocytes and caused hepatotoxicity. During treatment, significant differences were observed regarding the weight of the right and left breasts treated with DMBA compared to negative controls. Treatment with CPA, CIT, and LP-CIT reduced the weight of both breasts, with better results for liposomal citrinin. Furthermore, CPA, CIT, and LP-CIT presented genotoxic effects for tumor, blood, bone marrow, and liver cells, although less DNA damage was observed for LP-CIT compared to CIT and CPA. Healthy cell damage induced by LP-CIT was repaired during treatment, unlike CPA, which caused clastogenic effects. Thus, LP-CIT showed advantages for its use as a model of nanosystems for antitumor studies.

Ivermectin (IVM) is a drug derived from avermectin B₁ with high permeability and low solubility. It is used as a broad spectrum antiparasitic and studies reveal promising antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, formulations and delivery systems have been applied to optimize the solubility and bioavailability of the drug. Thus, it is intended to highlight the development of new formulations and delivery systems containing IVM in view of not only the technological benefits, but also the benefits of effectiveness in the face of distinct disorders for which the drug was not originally applied. The delivery systems have been applied to optimize the solubility and bioavailability of IVM, reduce its cytotoxicity and increase the therapeutic effect in smaller doses. In this sense, the literature reveals different formulations and delivery systems containing IVM that aim to improve their physical-chemical properties, such as microparticles, microspheres, liposomes, microemulsions, in situ formation gel, controlled and prolonged release formulations, solid dispersion and micelles mixed. As a potential antiviral agent, this drug inhibits the replication of viral strains and reduces serum levels of viral protein in in vitro and in vivo studies; when incorporated into liposomes, efficacy was high and toxicity reduced. IVM has shown potential for application in dermatological disorders due to anti-inflammatory activity, highlighting the successful repositioning for the treatment of papulopustular rosacea. Therefore, repositioning older drugs to treat common or rare diseases, as well as in the face of an urgent need, becomes an attractive tool in the scope of drug research and development.

Introdução: A ocorrência de óbitos por intoxicação com medicamentos tem sido considerada um dos agravos de saúde pública. Objetivo: Descrever as principais determinantes nas intoxicações por fármacos na cidade de Teresina-PI. Metodologia: Pesquisa ecológica, descritiva, quantitativa e de base populacional, com estudo de envenenamento por fármacos notificados na cidade de Teresina-PI, de 2010 a 2019 do Ministério da Saúde/SINAN. Foram coletados os seguintes dados: sexo, etnia, escolaridade, faixa etária, evolução clínica, classificação final, circunstância, critério de confirmação e o município de residência no Piauí. 2019.Resultados e discussão: No período analisado foi registrado 2.229 ocorrências, sendo preponderante a etnia parda (41,36%), escolaridade com ensino médio completo (12,43%), faixa etária de 20-39 (43,43%) e sexo feminino (73,44%). Já no tipo de exposição a aguda- crônica ocorreu em 1287 registros (57,74%), e o critério de confirmação foi clínico (64,56%). A circunstância mais frequente foi tentativa de suicídio (71,02%) e o desfecho clinico final foi cura com ausência de dano (59,22%). Conclusão: Constatou-se que na cidade de Teresina-PI ocorreu um aumento das notificações, esse fato pode ser atribuído ao padrão de consumo de fármacos. De modo geral, a Vigilância em Saúde deve priorizar a sensibilidade profissional para obter mais ações educativas, preventivas e intersetoriais, para assegurar o aprimoramento das políticas de vigilância sanitária.