(1) Objective: This study aimed to determine whether qualitative fetal fibronectin and transvaginal sonographic measurement of cervical length are effective in predicting delivery in term pregnancies within 5 days of the test. (2) Methods: We examined 268 women with singleton pregnancies presenting themselves at 37⁺⁰–40⁺⁴ weeks (median 38 weeks + 1 day) of gestation with irregular and painful uterine contractions, intact membranes and cervical dilatation less than 2 cm. All women were admitted to hospital up to 72 h after birth. On admission, a qualitative fetal fibronectin test was performed in cervicovaginal secretions and transvaginal sonographic measurement of cervical length was carried out. The primary outcome measure was delivery within 5 days of presentation. RESULTS: Among the women who delivered within 5 days after admission, 65.2% had positive fFN assessment, 43.5% had cervical length below 26 mm, 52.2% had the age > 32.5 years, 34.8% were nulliparous and 56.5% had gestational age ≥ 275 days. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that significant contributors to the prediction of delivery within 5 days were fibronectin positivity, cervical length ≤ 26 mm, maternal age > 32.5 years and gestational age ≥ 275 days, with no significant contribution from parity. (3) Conclusions: Qualitative fetal fibronectin test and transvaginal cervical length measurement in term pregnancies are useful tests for predicting spontaneous onset of labour within 5 days. It helps women and healthcare providers to determine the optimum time for hospital admission.

Background/Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection remains the principal etiologic factor for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. This longitudinal cohort study aimed to characterize the dynamics of cytological and histopathological changes over a two-year follow-up, focusing on post-treatment reduction in lesion grade, persistence, and progression in relation to HPV genotype distribution and smoking status. Methods: A total of 351 women aged 20–76 years were included, with cervical samples collected at the “Elena Doamna” Clinical Hospital, Iași, Romania. Cytology was categorized according to the Bethesda System, while colposcopy and conization served as diagnostic confirmation methods. HPV genotyping identified both high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) viral subtypes. Longitudinal assessments were performed at baseline, one-year, and two-year intervals to evaluate temporal patterns of disease evolution. Results: At baseline, HSIL represented the predominant cytologic category (51.3%, n = 180), followed by ASC-US (19.1%), ASC-H (15.1%), and LSIL (14.5%). Negative cytology increased from 62.4% at one year to 71.8% at two years, indicating substantial post-treatment reduction in lesion grade. Downgrading of lesion severity after treatment occurred in 26.2%, persistence in 11.1%, and progression in 11.1% of cases. Concordance between colposcopy and conization was moderate but statistically significant (κ = 0.345), with the highest agreement observed for HSIL with equivocal features between CIN II and CIN III lesions. Smoking showed a significant association with lesion persistence at two years (OR = 3.07; 95% CI: 1.16–8.08) but no statistically significant association with HR-HPV persistence. HR-HPV genotypes 16, 18, 31, and 33 were most frequently linked to progression, whereas HPV 35, 59, and 68 were associated with persistence. Conclusions: Over two years, most cervical lesions regressed or normalized, demonstrating effective management and follow-up. Persistent infection with HR-HPV types and smoking were the primary determinants of unfavorable outcomes. These findings highlight the clinical relevance of sustained surveillance, HPV genotyping, and smoking cessation as integral components of evidence-based cervical disease prevention and management strategies.

Background/Objectives: Adenomyosis is a common yet frequently underdiagnosed cause of gynecological morbidity, and its definitive diagnosis still relies on histopathological examination of hysterectomy specimens. We aimed to determine the histopathological prevalence of adenomyosis in hysterectomy specimens removed for benign indications, characterize preoperative referral diagnoses and concurrent histopathological findings, and compare our results with the contemporary literature. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 430 consecutive abdominal hysterectomies performed for benign gynecological indications at a tertiary referral center in Iasi, Romania, between January 2019 and October 2024. Adenomyosis was defined histopathologically. An “incidental” finding was defined as the absence of adenomyosis in the preoperative referral diagnosis, without re-review of the original ultrasound reports. We report prevalence and the incidental rate with Wilson-score 95% confidence intervals (CIs); we used the chi-square test with Yates continuity correction for categorical comparisons and calculated odds ratios (ORs), with correction for multiple comparisons. Results: Adenomyosis was identified in 188 of 430 specimens (43.7%; 95% CI 39.1–48.4%), of which 186 (98.9%; 95% CI 96.2–99.7%) were incidental; adenomyosis was recorded in the referral diagnosis in only 2 cases (1.1%). Endometrial hyperplasia was the only co-finding significantly associated with adenomyosis (OR 2.30; 95% CI 1.48–3.55; p = 0.0002), an unadjusted univariate association that remained significant after multiple-comparison adjustment (adjusted p = 0.0014). No referral diagnosis discriminated adenomyosis status; leiomyoma was frequent in both groups (75.5% vs. 69.0%; not significant). Mean age was 50.0 ± 7.6 years, with no between-group difference (p = 0.112). Conclusions: Approximately two in five women undergoing hysterectomy for benign disease have adenomyosis, and it is rarely suspected preoperatively. Because this study did not test whether structured sonographic assessment improves detection, prospective evaluation of the revised 2022 Morphological Uterus Sonographic Assessment (MUSA) criteria with imaging–histopathology correlation is warranted.

Background: Adolescent pregnancy is associated with increased maternal and neonatal morbidity, particularly in the context of inadequate prenatal care. Understanding the distribution of maternal and obstetrical complications in this population is important for improving clinical management and pregnancy outcomes. Methods: This retrospective observational study included primiparous adolescent patients (≤18 years) and focused on the assessment of maternal and obstetrical complications. The analysis compared the frequency of these complications between adolescents with adequate prenatal care and those without adequate prenatal follow-up, aiming to identify the most common complications and their distribution according to antenatal care status. Results: Significant differences were identified between groups. Maternal infections were more frequent among patients without adequate prenatal care (24.1% vs. 9.3%, p = 0.039). Hemorrhage was significantly more frequent among patients with adequate prenatal care (59.3% vs. 35.2%, p = 0.012). Among obstetrical complications, cephalopelvic disproportion showed a significant association with prenatal care status (p = 0.034), occurring more frequently in patients without antenatal follow-up. Hypertensive disorders, including gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, were identified only among patients without adequate prenatal care; however, no statistically significant association was observed (p = 0.118). Placenta previa (p = 0.057) and placental abruption (p = 0.495) were also observed only among patients without adequate prenatal care. Conclusions: Primiparous adolescent patients without adequate prenatal care showed a higher frequency of maternal and obstetrical complications, particularly infections and delivery-related disorders. Prenatal monitoring was associated with earlier identification and management of maternal and obstetrical risk factors. These findings highlight the importance of improving access to antenatal care among adolescent populations.