Creencias y Normas en México: Una Actualización del Estudio de las Premisas Psico-Socio-Culturales

Of beliefs, attitudes, norms, roles and values organized around a theme). One of these syndromes, individualism-collectivism, distinguishes collectivist cultures, which prioritize collective over individual interests, from individualist cultures, which value individual autonomy, achievement and freedom. These dimensions intersect with the horizontal-vertical syndrome, where verticality means the preference for a society organized by hierarchies, in contrast to a horizontal culture, which privileges equality. This paper explores these dimensions using a new instrument in a sample of 990 participants from four regions in Mexico. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses show four theoretically congruent factors with adequate levels of internal consistency reaching metric equivalence criteria in three of the four samples. The scores show greater support for horizontal individualism and less support for vertical collectivism. These results are discussed within the context of a cultural shift towards individualism.

Locus de control en la elección de pareja: Una validación etnopsicometrica

This study had two objectives: (1) to assess the effect that sex and place of origin have on levels of happiness and gender traits, and (2) to evaluate the relationship between happiness and gender traits on men and women from Mexico and Bolivia. The study population consisted of 998 volunteers: 583 Bolivian (293 men, 290 women) and 425 Mexicans (208 men, 207 women) aged between 18 and 64 years. To assess happiness, we used Alarcón’s Happiness Scale (2006). To assess gender, we used the Instrumentality and Expressiveness Attributional Dimensions Scale (EDAIE). A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) [sex (man-woman) x place of origin (Bolivia-Mexico)] was used to evaluate the interaction effect on three happiness and four gender factors. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was used to measure the relationship between them. The ANOVA showed interaction effects of sex x place of origin only on two gender factors. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed that positive instrumentality and expressiveness are associated with optimal levels of happiness. The results are discussed in terms of cultural characteristics, such as individualism-collectivism, place of origin, sex, and happiness/well-being theories.

Con el afán de describir el desarrollo y estatus actual de las relaciones de pareja en cualquier territorio, es necesario especificar en amplitud y con rigor el ecosistema histórico, psicológico y socio-cultural en que estas se escenifican. En éste artículo se describen en primera instancia las raíces de las parejas que surgen del crisolo indígena e hispano de la región mesoamericana, con énfasis en la descripción de las normas y valores que subyacen las creencias y patrones conductuales contemporáneos de hombres y mujeres de esta vasta región. Una segunda sección se enfoca en el análisis de de los efectos de los procesos de modernización como son el apoderamiento por parte de las mujeres y el desarrollo personal de los niños, sobre los roles tradicionales y las formas de interacción de las parejas. Como derivación de esta sección, se presentan los cambios sufridos en la estructura y funciones de la familia debido a los procesos de aculturación vividos por familias e individuos al migrar hacia el norte. Como corolario, se hace una extensa descripción de los datos que se han generado en la Unidad de Investigaciones Psicosociales en torno a las variables que conducen al mantenimiento de relaciones sustentables en hombres y mujeres mexicanos.

(1) Background: Adherence to treatment and medical check-ups are important for health outcomes, but low adherence to treatment is a common phenomenon. Thus, we aimed to examine the role of cultural beliefs about physicians, perceived mistreatment, and emotions associated with the experience of mistreatment as an antecedent of healthcare behavior among Chilean and Mexican primary care patients using Betancourt’s model for the study of health behavior. (2) Methods: This is a multivariate cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample of 326 Mexican and 337 Chilean participants. Multigroup structural equation modeling was used to test the structural relations among the cultural and psychological variables as determinants of healthcare avoidance behavior. (3) Results: The results revealed a pattern of associations that work in the same way for Chilean and Mexican samples. Negative cultural beliefs about physicians have a direct effect on avoidance behaviors in healthcare. In addition, this effect is mediated through psychological factors, such as perception of mistreatment and negative emotions associated with mistreatment. (4) Conclusions: A structural invariance test showed that the perception of mistreatment and negative emotions were less intense for Chileans than Mexicans. In contrast, the association between negative emotions and avoidance behaviors was less intense for Mexicans.