Winegrowers are significantly shaping the landscapes of wine regions around the world. These landscapes are often the most important reason why tourists decide to visit. Although it could be concluded that winegrowers play a central role in attracting tourists, the question of whether they can be considered tourism promoters remains unanswered. This paper aims to develop a theoretical framework to better understand the function of winegrowers in relation to tourism promotion. In doing so, the different disciplines of wine production, tourism, and landscape research are brought together. The created framework shows a variety of positive touristic influences that can be attributed to winegrowers, such as developing cultural landscapes, promoting regional identity, and furthering intersectoral cooperation. More importantly, it allows for a holistic assessment of a relatively unexplored research field. This is vital to understanding the impact that winegrowers have on the touristic success of wine regions. Based on careful consideration of individual factors, compensating winemakers for their yet little-recognized function as landscape stewards could be appropriate. In this context, the concept of ecosystem services may be helpful to monetize services for public goods.

Modern approaches of understanding the concepts of accessible tourism for everyone are analyzed in this paper. Accessible tourism for everyone means that anytourism product should be designed irrespective of age, gender and ability, and with no additional costs for customers with disabilities and specific access requirements. The role of the principles of universal design for accessible tourism for everyone is described. In contrast to the concept of accessibility, which only applies to low-mobility categories of the population and focuses on physical access to transport and premises, as well as access to information, the concept of universal design emphasizes creating the same conditions convenient for all users, without impersonating any of them. The connection between accessible tourism for everyone and the goal of sustainable development is revealed. Accessible tourism for everyone significantly contributes to the achievement most of sustainable development goals. Three main prerequisites for the development of accessible tourism for everyone in the European Union are determined and characterized by: existing accessibilitylegislation and standards at the global, European and national levels, population ageing and increase in the number of people with disabilities. In Ukraine there is a lack of accessibility standards for tourism facilities and services. It is important to transfer experiences and knowledge that exists in the European Union to Ukraine and ensure an adapted implementation to local requirements. A map of the most accessible cities of the European Union is created and the quantitative distribution of these cities by country of ownership is presented. Accessible to all tourism chain is analyzed on the example of Ljubljana city in Slovenia, which was twice noted by the European Commission as one of the most accessible.

Formulation of the problem. Infrastructure can be a factor of certain industries’ development in the service sector. Conversely, the development of the service sector may stimulate infrastructure development. Analysis of recent research and publications. Most of the research is devoted to issues of infrastructure and services separately, but not to the mutual influence of infrastructure and services. Selection of previously unsettled parts of the general problem. For studying the peculiarities of the mutual influence of the motor transport network and specific types of tourism in the Western region of Ukraine the motor transport infrastructure was considered as part of general infrastructure and tourism industry as part of service sector. Formulating the purpose of the paper. The purpose of the paper is the human and geographical analysis of the motor transport network of the Western region of Ukraine and spreading of the most developed types of tourism in the region in order to identify the features of their geospatial interdependence. Presentation of the main research material. The network of public automobile roads in the Western region of Ukraine is rather dense, which corresponds to the level of development of the tourism industry in the oblasts. There is a territorial gravity of the subjects of the hotel business and tourist flows to the places of a developed network of automobile roads. In order to analyze the motor transport and tourism spheres for correspondences between them, two classification criteria of types of tourism are selected: according to the way of travel and the purpose of travel. The types of tourism identified for each criterion can be linearly ordered in accordance with the predominant category of automobile roads. Conclusions. Automobile type of tourism uses the ways of travel on all available automobile roads. Cycling type is localized on all types of automobile roads, except international motorways. Pedestrian tourism tends to places where there are no roads of any class at all. Business tourism tends to the administrative and business centers that are on the priority automobile roads. Cognitive tourism tends to the natural, historical and cultural objects, while health tourism tends to the specialized health centers, mainly resorts. Pilgrim and nostalgic tourism occupy mostly lower levels of the hierarchy of automobile roads, although some nostalgic travels can be found in large cities. Fishing and, especially, hunting tourism tends to areas with no automobile roads.

The article describes the theoretical and methodical foundations of the study of the Jewish cultural heritage as a modern tourism resource. It turned out that in both foreign and domestic literature studies are not enough. The historical background of the formation of the cultural heritage of the Jewish ethnic group in the territory of the modern Lviv Oblast, which for many centuries has been the center of Jewish life, is considered. The dynamics of the ethnical composition of the population of the Lviv Oblast in 19312001 is studied and a significant reduction in the share of the Jewish community is found. The dynamics of the share of the Jewish population in urban settlements of the Lviv Oblast is studied, and it is found that it sharply decreased after the events of the World War II, primarily as a result of the Holocaust. A map of the share of the Jewish population in the urban settlements of the Oblast in 1939 is developed. The existing objects of Jewish cultural heritage (in particular, synagogues and cemeteries) in Lviv and other cities of the Lviv Oblast are characterized, and a map of these objects is developed. The main centers of Jewish cultural heritage of the Lviv Oblast are: Lviv, Brody, Busk, Zhovkva, Rava-Ruska, Uhniv, Velyki Mosty, Sokal, Belz, Stryi, Drohobych, Staryi Sambir, Turka. It found that the main problems of the Jewish cultural heritage of the Lviv Oblast are: neglected state of the objects, insufficient funding for the rehabilitation and restoration of these objects, the absence of tourist routes involving these objects, etc. The tourist route “By places of the Jewish sacred heritage of the Lviv Oblast” is developed and a map of this route is created. Measures for the restoration and popularization of Jewish cultural heritage of the Oblast are identified: allocation of budgetary funds, attraction of private investors, international organizations and Jewish communities; development of new tourist routes; determination of places by information stands; publication of information materials about objects; organization of international conferences, round tables, festivals; training of guides on the topic of Jewish cultural heritage, etc. У статті охарактеризовано теоретико-методичні основи дослідження об’єктів єврейської культурної спадщини як сучасного туристичного ресурсу. З’ясовано, що і в зарубіжній, і у вітчизняній літературі бракує таких досліджень. Розглянуто історичні передумови формування культурної спадщини єврейської етнічної групи на території сучасної Львівської області, яка впродовж багатьох століть була осередком єврейського життя. Вивчено динаміку етнічного складу населення Львівської області у 1931-2001 рр. і виявлено суттєве скорочення частки єврейської спільноти. Досліджено динаміку частки єврейської людності в міських поселеннях Львівської області та встановлено, що вона різко зменшилася після подій Другої світовоївійни, передусім, внаслідок Голокосту. Розроблено картосхему частки єврейської людності в міських поселеннях області за даними перепису населення 1939 р. Охарактеризовано існуючі об’єкти єврейської культурної спадщини (зокрема, синагоги і цвинтарі) у Львові та інших містах Львівської області, а також розроблено картосхему цих об’єктів. Головними центрами єврейської культурної спадщини Львівської області є: Львів, Броди, Буськ, Жовква, Рава-Руська, Угнів, Великі Мости, Сокаль, Белз, Стрий, Дрогобич, Старий Самбір, Турка. Вставлено, що основними проблемами єврейської культурної спадщини Львівщини є: занедбаний стан об’єктів, недостатність фінансування для відновлення та реставрації цих об’єктів, відсутність туристичних маршрутів із залученням цих об’єктів та ін. Розроблено туристичний маршрут «Місцями єврейської сакральної спадщини Львівщини» та створено картосхему цього маршруту. Визначено заходи відновлення і популяризації об’єктів єврейської культурної спадщини області: виділення бюджетних коштів, залучення приватних інвесторів, міжнародних організацій та єврейських спільнот; розроблення нових туристичних маршрутів; означення місць інформаційними стендами; видання інформаційних матеріалів про об’єкти; організація міжнародних конференцій, круглих столів, фестивалів; навчання екскурсоводів, гідів на тему...

Transport and logistic potential of the western ukrainian borderland

The Global Code of Ethics for Tourism promotes the right of all people to equality in access to contemplate the resources of the planet, which, in turn, is the main principle of accessible tourism for all. Modern approaches to understanding the concepts of accessible tourism for all are analyzed in this paper. Accessible tourism for all means that any tourism product should be designed irrespective of age, gender and ability and with no additional costs for customers with disabilities and specific access requirements. Role of the principles of universal design for accessible tourism for all is characterized. In contrast to the concept of accessibility, which only applies to low-mobility categories of the population and focuses on physical access to transport and buildings, as well as access to information, the concept of universal design emphasizes creating the same conditions convenient for all users, without impersonating some of them. Three main prerequisites for the development of accessible tourism for all in the European Union are determined and characterized, in particular, existing accessibility legislation and standards at the global, European and national levels, population ageing and increase in the number of people with disabilities. There is the problem in Ukraine of the lack of accessibility standards for tourism facilities and services, so it is important to learn the experience of the European Union. The European Union population is aging and this trend will continue in the future. This phenomenon is a major challenge for the society, but at the same time, it also represents a great opportunity for local businesses and for the whole European economy. Elderly people (65 years and older) are encouraged to travel by different motives: visiting relatives, gaining cultural or gastronomic experience, they are interested in traveling on cruise ships, relaxing on the coast, participating in sports events or ethnic holidays. They tend to spend more while traveling and stay longer. Tourists with disabilities, above all, make travel decisions based on the opinions of their friends, and rely less on special offers aimed at them. Online offers and printed brochures of travel agencies influence their decision at the same level. France and the United Kingdom have the most disabled people in the EU. The European Union is the main tourism destination in the world. Five its member states (France, Spain, Italy, Great Britain, Germany) belong to the top ten countries of the world on arrival of tourists. The map of the most accessible cities of the European Union is created and the quantitative distribution of these cities by country of ownership is presented. France, Germany and Sweden are leaders in the European Union by the number of the most accessible cities in 2011-2018. Among the 23 most accessible cities, only five are the capitals of states. At the same time, the city of Ljubljana in Slovenia was twice noted by the European Commission as one of the most accessible. Elements of the tourism chain include: tourism destination management; tourism information and advertising (preparation, information and booking); urban and architectural environments; modes of transport and stations; accommodation, food service and conventions; cultural activities (museums, theatres, cinemas, and other); other tourism activities and events. On the basis of the theory of accessibility chain structure and the tourism chain, the best practices of accessible tourism for all are analyzed using the example of the city of Lyon – the great business center in France, which in 2018 was recognized by the European Commission accessible in the European Union.