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The participation of the local population in the planning and management of biosphere reserves is one of the preconditions for success. While numerous studies underpin its importance, few studies have addressed to what extent participation is desired by local residents and which factors determine the level of participation. A postal survey among local residents (n = 449) explored factors influencing their willingness to participate in the planning and management of the Salzburger Lungau & Kärntner Nockberge Biosphere Reserve in Austria before it was officially recognised by UNESCO. By applying the “Theory of Planned Behaviour”, the study found a high willingness to be involved among the local population, but a considerable variance as to what extent. Regression models showed a strong influence of perceived behavioural control and the social environment, whereas the factors identified in previous studies were less relevant. The results show that the readiness to become active seems to be higher than expected by local bodies and more linked to the design of the participatory process or other barriers. The results support the biosphere reserve management in developing appropriate participatory approaches to maximise satisfaction with participation and management success.
Michael Huber; Arne Arnberger. Factors Influencing the Level of Local Participation in Planning and Management of the Planned Salzburger Lungau & Kärntner Nockberge Biosphere Reserve in Austria. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9685 .
AMA StyleMichael Huber, Arne Arnberger. Factors Influencing the Level of Local Participation in Planning and Management of the Planned Salzburger Lungau & Kärntner Nockberge Biosphere Reserve in Austria. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (17):9685.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Huber; Arne Arnberger. 2021. "Factors Influencing the Level of Local Participation in Planning and Management of the Planned Salzburger Lungau & Kärntner Nockberge Biosphere Reserve in Austria." Sustainability 13, no. 17: 9685.
Successfully managing heavily visited protected riverscapes requires information about visitor preferences for the social, biophysical and infrastructural attributes of river landscapes. This study analyzed the landscape preferences of 520 on-site visitors to the peri-urban Danube Floodplains National Park using an image-based discrete choice experiment. The study explored the effects of various landscape types (water bodies, terrestrial landscapes), recreational infrastructures (trail types, facilities) and trail use conditions (trail user numbers, activities) on respondents’ preferences. The results indicated that natural features, such as floodplain forests in combination with meadows or xeric alluvial biotopes, were preferred, while dense forests and, particularly, open agrarian structures were less preferred. Water bodies with 50% reed cover, few people on the trail, alleys of trees and gravel trails were favored. The outcomes serve as the basis for design recommendations for planned recreational areas surrounding the national park with the aim of absorbing visitors and reducing use pressure on the protected area.
Arne Arnberger; Renate Eder; Stefan Preiner; Thomas Hein; Ursula Nopp-Mayr. Landscape Preferences of Visitors to the Danube Floodplains National Park, Vienna. Water 2021, 13, 2178 .
AMA StyleArne Arnberger, Renate Eder, Stefan Preiner, Thomas Hein, Ursula Nopp-Mayr. Landscape Preferences of Visitors to the Danube Floodplains National Park, Vienna. Water. 2021; 13 (16):2178.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArne Arnberger; Renate Eder; Stefan Preiner; Thomas Hein; Ursula Nopp-Mayr. 2021. "Landscape Preferences of Visitors to the Danube Floodplains National Park, Vienna." Water 13, no. 16: 2178.
Previous research has found higher levels of heatwave mortality and morbidity among urban residents with a migration background because of their social, health and environmental conditions. The purpose of the study was to investigate and compare heat induced changes in the outdoor recreation behaviours of Turkish migrants with those of non-migrants on hot days in Vienna. Specifically, the study compared coping behaviours due to heat such as inter-area, intra-area, temporal and activity displacement between migrants and non-migrants. The study interviewed 400 migrants and non-migrants in four public green spaces of different area sizes and asked about their outdoor recreation motives and activities, as well as behavioural changes, due to summer heat. Results show that migrants have different motives for visiting urban green spaces on hot days, and that they visit these less frequently on hot days compared to non-migrants. While both groups shift their outdoor uses more to shady areas and the cooler times of the day, more migrants visit green spaces in the afternoon, perform more energetic recreational activities, and use sunnier sites more frequently than non-migrants on hot days. Few migrants and non-migrants stated that they would visit alternative green spaces when it is hot. The results indicate that migrants’ behaviours result in higher heat exposure, while making less use of the opportunities larger green spaces such as forests can provide for heat relief. Recommendations on how green and city planners could reduce heat related health risks for both study groups are presented.
Arne Arnberger; Brigitte Allex; Renate Eder; Anna Wanka; Franz Kolland; Laura Wiesböck; Elisabeth Anne-Sophie Mayrhuber; Ruth Kutalek; Peter Wallner; Hans-Peter Hutter. Changes in recreation use in response to urban heat differ between migrant and non-migrant green space users in Vienna, Austria. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2021, 63, 127193 .
AMA StyleArne Arnberger, Brigitte Allex, Renate Eder, Anna Wanka, Franz Kolland, Laura Wiesböck, Elisabeth Anne-Sophie Mayrhuber, Ruth Kutalek, Peter Wallner, Hans-Peter Hutter. Changes in recreation use in response to urban heat differ between migrant and non-migrant green space users in Vienna, Austria. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2021; 63 ():127193.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArne Arnberger; Brigitte Allex; Renate Eder; Anna Wanka; Franz Kolland; Laura Wiesböck; Elisabeth Anne-Sophie Mayrhuber; Ruth Kutalek; Peter Wallner; Hans-Peter Hutter. 2021. "Changes in recreation use in response to urban heat differ between migrant and non-migrant green space users in Vienna, Austria." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 63, no. : 127193.
The importance of place in landscape management and outdoor recreation has been prominent in the literature since the 1970s. As such, calls to incorporate place into the management of parks, forests, and other protected areas exist. However, little work explores how place attachment may complement existing management frameworks. Hence, the purpose of this investigation was to explore levels of visitors’ place attachment intensity across the six classes of the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS). Survey data collected in North America and Europe indicated there was more similarity in place attachment intensities among areas classified toward the less developed end of the ROS, while greater variation existed among the more developed sites. Observing place attachment across all six ROS classes allowed for a deeper understanding of the correlation between place and the management framework.
Christopher J. Wynveen; Ingrid E. Schneider; Arne Arnberger; Stuart Cottrell; Eick von Ruschkowski. Integrating Place Attachment into Management Frameworks: Exploring Place Attachment Across the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum. Environmental Management 2020, 66, 248 -262.
AMA StyleChristopher J. Wynveen, Ingrid E. Schneider, Arne Arnberger, Stuart Cottrell, Eick von Ruschkowski. Integrating Place Attachment into Management Frameworks: Exploring Place Attachment Across the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum. Environmental Management. 2020; 66 (2):248-262.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristopher J. Wynveen; Ingrid E. Schneider; Arne Arnberger; Stuart Cottrell; Eick von Ruschkowski. 2020. "Integrating Place Attachment into Management Frameworks: Exploring Place Attachment Across the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum." Environmental Management 66, no. 2: 248-262.
Public urban green spaces are crucial for citizens’ wellbeing and are an important part of daily life in cities. To maximize their benefits to quality of life a thorough knowledge of citizens’ preferences and preference heterogeneity is crucial in the planning and design of urban green spaces. This study investigated visitors’ perception of typical green spaces, with a focus on vegetation structure and the presence of typical historic city walls, as well as preferences within the context of perceived stress and safety. We conducted this study in the historic city of Padua in north-eastern Italy. In 2017, face-to-face interviews of citizens were held and choice sets, based on modified images of different green space scenarios, were used to test users’ preferences connected to both stress relief and safety perception. The study highlighted that general, stress relief and safety perception related preferences of the respondents depend on different site characteristics. Respondents preferred a complex but not too wild scenario with sparse trees and aesthetically appealing features such as colourful flowers. Historic walls had a negative effect on general preferences. While general preferences were very similar to stress relief preferences, preferences within the context of safety differed for some attributes. It seems that the vegetation structure and the presence of features linked to human recreational uses are important factors in planning and designing urban green spaces. Management and planning should take into consideration what users demand from green spaces as this will influence their suitable design.
Thomas Campagnaro; Daniel Vecchiato; Arne Arnberger; Riccardo Celegato; Riccardo Da Re; Riccardo Rizzetto; Paolo Semenzato; Tommaso Sitzia; Tiziano Tempesta; Dina Cattaneo. General, stress relief and perceived safety preferences for green spaces in the historic city of Padua (Italy). Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2020, 52, 126695 .
AMA StyleThomas Campagnaro, Daniel Vecchiato, Arne Arnberger, Riccardo Celegato, Riccardo Da Re, Riccardo Rizzetto, Paolo Semenzato, Tommaso Sitzia, Tiziano Tempesta, Dina Cattaneo. General, stress relief and perceived safety preferences for green spaces in the historic city of Padua (Italy). Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2020; 52 ():126695.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThomas Campagnaro; Daniel Vecchiato; Arne Arnberger; Riccardo Celegato; Riccardo Da Re; Riccardo Rizzetto; Paolo Semenzato; Tommaso Sitzia; Tiziano Tempesta; Dina Cattaneo. 2020. "General, stress relief and perceived safety preferences for green spaces in the historic city of Padua (Italy)." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 52, no. : 126695.
Impacts of heat periods and stressful life increasingly impact urban population. Green infrastructure such as urban forests can reduce heat-related stress and provide a restorative experience. The study explored preferences of 160 urban woodland visitors in Vienna for, and their trade-offs between, structural components of forest stands using a discrete choice experiment with digitally calibrated images. Three different visitor intentions for choosing a forest stand were explored: preference, heat relief and restorative experience. Results showed that respondents preferred forest stands with a closed canopy and ground vegetation, but without high amounts of dead wood. The structural components were weighed differently by respondents with ground vegetation being the most important component relative to the other forest stand components investigated. While components providing shade became more important for heat relief, results for visitor preferences and restoration were very similar. Results indicate that different recreational intentions lead to different visual preferences for forest stands. Respondents would tolerate a less aesthetically appealing forest stand for a visit to a forest during hot days. Urban foresters may develop a specific type of forest stands to encounter the increasing impacts of urban heat.
Martin Ebenberger; Arne Arnberger. Exploring visual preferences for structural attributes of urban forest stands for restoration and heat relief. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2019, 41, 272 -282.
AMA StyleMartin Ebenberger, Arne Arnberger. Exploring visual preferences for structural attributes of urban forest stands for restoration and heat relief. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2019; 41 ():272-282.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartin Ebenberger; Arne Arnberger. 2019. "Exploring visual preferences for structural attributes of urban forest stands for restoration and heat relief." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 41, no. : 272-282.
The study compared psychological and physiological health effects of short-term stays at managed and abandoned meadows, a mountain river, and an urban site of a dependent sample of 22 adult participants (mean age 27) during an 11-day field trip. The study found that pulse rates decreased during the stays at all the meadows and the urban site while no decrease was observed at the river. Blood pressure increased at all sites during the stay, with no study-site differences for systolic, but for diastolic, blood pressure. Participants reported more positive psychological health effects as a result of their stays at the most remote meadow and the river on attention restoration, stress reduction and wellbeing compared to the urban site, while no differences in health perceptions were observed between managed and unmanaged meadows. This study suggests that perceived and measured health benefits were independent of the degree of naturalness of meadows. While differences measured on the physiological level between urban built and natural sites were marginal, psychological measures showed higher health benefits of the natural environments compared to the built one.
Arne Arnberger; Renate Eder; Brigitte Allex; Martin Ebenberger; Hans-Peter Hutter; Peter Wallner; Nicole Bauer; Johann G. Zaller; Thomas Frank. Health-Related Effects of Short Stays at Mountain Meadows, a River and an Urban Site—Results from a Field Experiment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 2647 .
AMA StyleArne Arnberger, Renate Eder, Brigitte Allex, Martin Ebenberger, Hans-Peter Hutter, Peter Wallner, Nicole Bauer, Johann G. Zaller, Thomas Frank. Health-Related Effects of Short Stays at Mountain Meadows, a River and an Urban Site—Results from a Field Experiment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (12):2647.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArne Arnberger; Renate Eder; Brigitte Allex; Martin Ebenberger; Hans-Peter Hutter; Peter Wallner; Nicole Bauer; Johann G. Zaller; Thomas Frank. 2018. "Health-Related Effects of Short Stays at Mountain Meadows, a River and an Urban Site—Results from a Field Experiment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12: 2647.
Heatwaves form a serious public health threat, especially for vulnerable groups. Interventions such as active outreach programs, exposure reduction measures and monitoring and mapping of at-risk groups are increasingly implemented across the world but little is known about their effect. To assess how vulnerable groups are identified and reached in heat health interventions, to understand the effectiveness and efficiency of those interventions, and to identify research gaps in existing literature. We performed a literature search in relevant scientific literature databases and searched with a four element search model for articles published from 1995 onward. We extracted data on intervention measures, target group and evaluation of effectiveness and efficiency. We identified 23 eligible studies. Patterns exist in type of interventions 1) to detect and 2) to influence extrinsic and intrinsic risk and protective factors. Results showed several intervention barriers related to the variety and intersection of these factors, as well as the self-perception of vulnerable groups, and misconceptions and unfavorable attitudes towards intervention benefits. While modest indications for the evidence on the effectiveness of interventions were found, efficiency remains unclear. Interventions entailed logical combinations of measures, subsumed as packages. Evidence for effective and efficient intervention is limited by the difficulty to determine effects and because single measures are mutually dependent. Interventions prioritized promoting behavioral change and were based on behavioral assumptions that remain untested and mechanisms not worked out explicitly. Multifaceted efforts are needed to tailor interventions, compiled in heat health warning systems and action plans for exposure reduction and protection of vulnerable populations, to fit the social, economic and geographical context. Besides adequately addressing relevant risk and protective factors, the challenge is to integrate perspectives of vulnerable groups. Future research should focus on intervention barriers and improving the methods of effectiveness and efficiency evaluation.
Elisabeth Anne-Sophie Mayrhuber; Michel Dückers; Peter Wallner; Arne Arnberger; Brigitte Allex; Laura Wiesböck; Anna Wanka; Franz Kolland; Renate Eder; Hans-Peter Hutter; Ruth Kutalek. Vulnerability to heatwaves and implications for public health interventions – A scoping review. Environmental Research 2018, 166, 42 -54.
AMA StyleElisabeth Anne-Sophie Mayrhuber, Michel Dückers, Peter Wallner, Arne Arnberger, Brigitte Allex, Laura Wiesböck, Anna Wanka, Franz Kolland, Renate Eder, Hans-Peter Hutter, Ruth Kutalek. Vulnerability to heatwaves and implications for public health interventions – A scoping review. Environmental Research. 2018; 166 ():42-54.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElisabeth Anne-Sophie Mayrhuber; Michel Dückers; Peter Wallner; Arne Arnberger; Brigitte Allex; Laura Wiesböck; Anna Wanka; Franz Kolland; Renate Eder; Hans-Peter Hutter; Ruth Kutalek. 2018. "Vulnerability to heatwaves and implications for public health interventions – A scoping review." Environmental Research 166, no. : 42-54.
The study explored whether national-park affinity segments of tourists differ regarding their level of specialization in, attitudes towards, and satisfaction with, national parks between 2013 and 2014. The research categorized 429 overnight tourists to the Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany, into three affinity segments based on the role the national park played in their travel decision. More than the half of the respondents had a high or rather high national-park affinity. Differences in specialization, attitudes and satisfaction between the segments were found. However, differences were only observed between the more national park-interested segments compared to visitors who are not aware of visiting a national park or whose decision to visit the area was not influenced by the national park label, except for satisfaction. Tourists with higher national-park affinity had more positive attitudes towards, and were more specialised in, national parks and were more satisfied with nature conservation management. For satisfaction, most differences were observed between the segment with the lowest and the one with the highest affinity. Study findings may support sustainable park management and park affinity research.
Arne Arnberger; Renate Eder; Brigitte Allex; Hemma Preisel; Maria Husslein. National park affinity segments of overnight tourists differ in satisfaction with, attitudes towards, and specialization in, national parks: Results from the Bavarian Forest National Park. Journal for Nature Conservation 2018, 47, 93 -102.
AMA StyleArne Arnberger, Renate Eder, Brigitte Allex, Hemma Preisel, Maria Husslein. National park affinity segments of overnight tourists differ in satisfaction with, attitudes towards, and specialization in, national parks: Results from the Bavarian Forest National Park. Journal for Nature Conservation. 2018; 47 ():93-102.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArne Arnberger; Renate Eder; Brigitte Allex; Hemma Preisel; Maria Husslein. 2018. "National park affinity segments of overnight tourists differ in satisfaction with, attitudes towards, and specialization in, national parks: Results from the Bavarian Forest National Park." Journal for Nature Conservation 47, no. : 93-102.
Research on place attachment suggests that place identity and place dependence differ between recreationists with varying levels of specialization, recreating in different settings and with different resource proximities to their home. To further explore this relationship, we compared place attachment and recreation specialization of whitewater boaters in four different river settings. Data were collected on three rivers in the US and one in Austria. Place attachment was measured using four place identity and four place dependence items. Recreation specialization was treated as a multivariate construct consisting of the three dimensions; behavior, skill, and enduring involvement. The results of a cluster analysis revealed three specialization clusters. Two ANOVAs were performed by using place dependence and place identity as dependent variables and specialization clusters and the sampling rivers as independent variables. Place identity was not expressed differently between rivers but differed in specialization clusters. Place dependence was different between rivers but not between specialization clusters. Findings suggest that place attachment dimensions vary in river setting and specialization levels. Management should take into account that boaters exhibit different place attachment based on the specialization level and resource proximity to their home.
Silvia Kainzinger; Arne Arnberger; Robert C. Burns. An Examination of Whitewater Boaters’ Place Attachment and Specialization in Four Different River Settings. Environmental Management 2018, 62, 832 -844.
AMA StyleSilvia Kainzinger, Arne Arnberger, Robert C. Burns. An Examination of Whitewater Boaters’ Place Attachment and Specialization in Four Different River Settings. Environmental Management. 2018; 62 (5):832-844.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvia Kainzinger; Arne Arnberger; Robert C. Burns. 2018. "An Examination of Whitewater Boaters’ Place Attachment and Specialization in Four Different River Settings." Environmental Management 62, no. 5: 832-844.
Cognitive functioning and academic performance of pupils depend on regular breaks from classroom work. However, it is unclear which settings during such breaks provide the best environment to restore cognitive performance and promote wellbeing of adolescent pupils. Therefore, we investigated the effects of staying in different urban green spaces during breaks. Sixty-four pupils (16–18 years old) participated in a cross-over experiment. They were placed into one of three settings (small park, larger park, forest) for one hour during a lunch break. Wellbeing was assessed four times (Nitsch scale), and a cognitive test (d2-R Test of Attention) was applied in the classrooms before and after the break. Wellbeing was almost always highest after the stay in the green spaces. However, a sustained effect was only found for the forest. Concentration performance values of the d2-R test were significantly higher after the pupils’ stay in green spaces for all sites. The highest increase of performance was found for the larger park type. In conclusion, this pilot study showed that study breaks in green spaces improved wellbeing and cognitive performance of adolescents. It also found that larger green spaces, either parks or forests, have stronger positive impacts on wellbeing and cognitive performance than small parks.
Peter Wallner; Michael Kundi; Arne Arnberger; Renate Eder; Brigitte Allex; Lisbeth Weitensfelder; Hans-Peter Hutter. Reloading Pupils’ Batteries: Impact of Green Spaces on Cognition and Wellbeing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 1205 .
AMA StylePeter Wallner, Michael Kundi, Arne Arnberger, Renate Eder, Brigitte Allex, Lisbeth Weitensfelder, Hans-Peter Hutter. Reloading Pupils’ Batteries: Impact of Green Spaces on Cognition and Wellbeing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (6):1205.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeter Wallner; Michael Kundi; Arne Arnberger; Renate Eder; Brigitte Allex; Lisbeth Weitensfelder; Hans-Peter Hutter. 2018. "Reloading Pupils’ Batteries: Impact of Green Spaces on Cognition and Wellbeing." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 6: 1205.
Since the late 1990s, forest managers and researchers have been encouraged to incorporate place attachment into their projects and decision-making. Place attachment measures indicate the strength of the human-place bond and provide insight as to why people are attached, thus informing management decisions and approaches to visitor and community relations. Place-attachment scales have been modified and translated across the globe with an assumed measurement equivalence. This assumption may present issues when comparing data collected across different contexts and implementing results based on those findings. This project assessed place attachment measurement among visitors to urban forested areas in Austria and Minnesota. Confirmatory factor analyses assessments of equivalent structure, factor loading pattern, and intercepts between samples revealed that place-attachment scales, as currently used, may not measure identical conceptualizations across contexts. As such, their use without critical examination could lead to inappropriate interpretations of and actions taken related to place attachment.
Christopher J Wynveen; Ingrid E Schneider; Arne Arnberger. The Context of Place: Issues Measuring Place Attachment across Urban Forest Contexts. Journal of Forestry 2018, 116, 367 -373.
AMA StyleChristopher J Wynveen, Ingrid E Schneider, Arne Arnberger. The Context of Place: Issues Measuring Place Attachment across Urban Forest Contexts. Journal of Forestry. 2018; 116 (4):367-373.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristopher J Wynveen; Ingrid E Schneider; Arne Arnberger. 2018. "The Context of Place: Issues Measuring Place Attachment across Urban Forest Contexts." Journal of Forestry 116, no. 4: 367-373.
Despite the fact that urbanisation, population ageing and international migration constitute major societal developments of our time, little attention has been paid to studying them together in a comprehensive manner. In this paper, we argue that, when treating age and ethnicity as practical processes for addressing and identifying with social groups, it is necessary to do so from a ‘doing’ perspective. The question we ask focuses on which social memberships are made relevant or irrelevant in residential environments and how that relevance or irrelevance is established. Drawing upon a quantitative study among individuals of Turkish migrant origin living in Vienna, Austria, we find that it is rather common for the respondents to have been assigned to multiple intersecting social groups and that they were treated unfairly in their own neighbourhoods. However, such ascriptions do not necessarily correspond to objective categorisations of research or subjective identifications. Hence, the discrimination that is present in a neighbourhood does not necessarily lead to decreased place attachment or a diminishing sense of home. In fact, we find that the ‘satisfaction paradox’ is quite common in environmental gerontology and that it may actually intersect with the ‘immigration paradox’. Applying processual intersectionality is not only fruitful for research, it can also improve the conceptualisation of age-friendly cities.
Anna Wanka; Laura Wiesböck; Brigitte Allex; Elisabeth Anne-Sophie Mayrhuber; Arne Arnberger; Renate Eder; Ruth Kutalek; Peter Wallner; Hans-Peter Hutter; Franz Kolland. Everyday discrimination in the neighbourhood: what a ‘doing’ perspective on age and ethnicity can offer. Ageing and Society 2018, 39, 2133 -2158.
AMA StyleAnna Wanka, Laura Wiesböck, Brigitte Allex, Elisabeth Anne-Sophie Mayrhuber, Arne Arnberger, Renate Eder, Ruth Kutalek, Peter Wallner, Hans-Peter Hutter, Franz Kolland. Everyday discrimination in the neighbourhood: what a ‘doing’ perspective on age and ethnicity can offer. Ageing and Society. 2018; 39 (9):2133-2158.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Wanka; Laura Wiesböck; Brigitte Allex; Elisabeth Anne-Sophie Mayrhuber; Arne Arnberger; Renate Eder; Ruth Kutalek; Peter Wallner; Hans-Peter Hutter; Franz Kolland. 2018. "Everyday discrimination in the neighbourhood: what a ‘doing’ perspective on age and ethnicity can offer." Ageing and Society 39, no. 9: 2133-2158.
Recreation pressure on natural resource settings, as well as the demand for new wind-energy production sites, is growing. In addition, extensive outbreaks of tree-killing insects are globally increasing. Protected-area managers are facing conflicts on proper land uses in and around their areas, and need information on visitor preferences for developing a land use policy for their area, accepted by the public. So far, little research has examined national park visitors’ responses to windmills and recreational infrastructures, visual changes in forest recreation settings resulting from forest insect infestations, high use pressures, and how visitors weigh trade-offs between these technical, biophysical, and socio-environment factors. This study explored national park visitor preferences with a discrete choice experiment that photographically simulated spruce forest stands with varying levels of recreational and technical infrastructures including the presence of windmills, bark beetle outbreaks, forest management practices, and visitor use levels. On-site surveys were conducted with visitors to the Bavarian Forest National Park in Germany (N = 514). Results revealed that the condition of the forest surrounding, followed by the presence of windmills, was the most important variable influencing visitors’ landscape preferences. Visitors preferred healthy mature forest stands and disliked forests with substantial dead wood, many windmills close to the viewpoint and high visitor numbers. Findings suggest that forest conditions and technical infrastructure are important concerns in addressing landscape preferences for forested protected areas and that trade-offs among these variables exist.
Arne Arnberger; Renate Eder; Brigitte Allex; Hemma Preisel; Martin Ebenberger; Maria Husslein. Trade-offs between wind energy, recreational, and bark-beetle impacts on visual preferences of national park visitors. Land Use Policy 2018, 76, 166 -177.
AMA StyleArne Arnberger, Renate Eder, Brigitte Allex, Hemma Preisel, Martin Ebenberger, Maria Husslein. Trade-offs between wind energy, recreational, and bark-beetle impacts on visual preferences of national park visitors. Land Use Policy. 2018; 76 ():166-177.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArne Arnberger; Renate Eder; Brigitte Allex; Hemma Preisel; Martin Ebenberger; Maria Husslein. 2018. "Trade-offs between wind energy, recreational, and bark-beetle impacts on visual preferences of national park visitors." Land Use Policy 76, no. : 166-177.
Raja I. Hussain; Ronnie Walcher; David Brandl; Arne Arnberger; Johann G. Zaller; Thomas Frank. Efficiency of two methods of sampling used to assess the abundance and species diversity of adult Syrphidae (Diptera) in mountainous meadows in the Austrian and Swiss Alps. European Journal of Entomology 2018, 115, 150 -156.
AMA StyleRaja I. Hussain, Ronnie Walcher, David Brandl, Arne Arnberger, Johann G. Zaller, Thomas Frank. Efficiency of two methods of sampling used to assess the abundance and species diversity of adult Syrphidae (Diptera) in mountainous meadows in the Austrian and Swiss Alps. European Journal of Entomology. 2018; 115 (1):150-156.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaja I. Hussain; Ronnie Walcher; David Brandl; Arne Arnberger; Johann G. Zaller; Thomas Frank. 2018. "Efficiency of two methods of sampling used to assess the abundance and species diversity of adult Syrphidae (Diptera) in mountainous meadows in the Austrian and Swiss Alps." European Journal of Entomology 115, no. 1: 150-156.
Arne Arnberger; Renate Eder; Brigitte Allex; Hans-Peter Hutter; Peter Wallner; Nicole Bauer; Johann G. Zaller; Thomas Frank. Perceived health benefits of managed and unmanaged meadows in a mountain biosphere reserve – an experimental study in the Austrian Alps. eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research) 2018, 10, 5 -14.
AMA StyleArne Arnberger, Renate Eder, Brigitte Allex, Hans-Peter Hutter, Peter Wallner, Nicole Bauer, Johann G. Zaller, Thomas Frank. Perceived health benefits of managed and unmanaged meadows in a mountain biosphere reserve – an experimental study in the Austrian Alps. eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research). 2018; 10 (1):5-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArne Arnberger; Renate Eder; Brigitte Allex; Hans-Peter Hutter; Peter Wallner; Nicole Bauer; Johann G. Zaller; Thomas Frank. 2018. "Perceived health benefits of managed and unmanaged meadows in a mountain biosphere reserve – an experimental study in the Austrian Alps." eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research) 10, no. 1: 5-14.
Extensive outbreaks of tree-killing insects are increasing across forests in Europe and North America due to climate change and other factors. Yet, little recent research examines visitor response to visual changes in conifer forest recreation settings resulting from forest insect infestations, how visitors weigh trade-offs between physical and social forest environment factors, or how visitor preferences might differ by nationality. This study explored forest visitor preferences with a discrete choice experiment that photographically simulated conifer forest stands with varying levels of bark beetle outbreaks, forest and visitor management practices, and visitor use levels and compositions. On-site surveys were conducted with visitors to State Forest State Park in Colorado (n = 200), Lake Bemidji State Park in Minnesota (n = 228), and Harz National Park in Germany (n = 208). Results revealed that the condition of the immediate forest surrounding was the most important variable influencing visitors’ landscape preferences. Visitors preferred healthy mature forest stands and disliked forests with substantial dead wood. The number of visitors was the most important social factor influencing visitor landscape preferences. Differences in the influence of physical and social factors on visual preferences existed between study sites. Findings suggest that both visual forest conditions and visitor use management are important concerns in addressing landscape preferences for beetle-impacted forest recreation areas.
Arne Arnberger; Martin Ebenberger; Ingrid E. Schneider; Stuart Cottrell; Alexander C. Schlueter; Eick von Ruschkowski; Robert C. Venette; Stephanie A. Snyder; Paul H. Gobster. Visitor Preferences for Visual Changes in Bark Beetle-Impacted Forest Recreation Settings in the United States and Germany. Environmental Management 2017, 61, 209 -223.
AMA StyleArne Arnberger, Martin Ebenberger, Ingrid E. Schneider, Stuart Cottrell, Alexander C. Schlueter, Eick von Ruschkowski, Robert C. Venette, Stephanie A. Snyder, Paul H. Gobster. Visitor Preferences for Visual Changes in Bark Beetle-Impacted Forest Recreation Settings in the United States and Germany. Environmental Management. 2017; 61 (2):209-223.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArne Arnberger; Martin Ebenberger; Ingrid E. Schneider; Stuart Cottrell; Alexander C. Schlueter; Eick von Ruschkowski; Robert C. Venette; Stephanie A. Snyder; Paul H. Gobster. 2017. "Visitor Preferences for Visual Changes in Bark Beetle-Impacted Forest Recreation Settings in the United States and Germany." Environmental Management 61, no. 2: 209-223.
Grasslands are often managed with different intensities in the European Alps. Studies have shown that a medium management can benefit plant and animal biodiversity in these ecosystems. However, in recent decades abandonment of extensively managed meadows is an ongoing global challenge. Syrphids (hoverflies) have been recognized as a threatened group due to environmental drivers, and these managed grasslands provide preferred habitats for them. Yet, at what extent syrphids respond to grassland management strategies is little known. We investigated whether abandonment of managed mountain meadows (mown once a year, no fertilizer use) affects syrphid abundance, richness and species assemblages. Moreover, the influence of plant richness, flower frequency and surrounding landscape on syrphids were assessed. Four managed meadows were compared with four abandoned meadows in a mountainous region in Austria. Adult syrphids were sampled over two consecutive years (June and August 2015–2016) by sweep netting using line transects and observation plots. Syrphid abundance was significantly higher in managed than abandoned meadows and increased with increasing plant richness and flower frequency across management types. Management and sampling time also significantly affected syrphid species assemblages. Syrphid richness and abundance were not influenced by surrounding landscape. We conclude that both abandoned and managed meadows provide important habitat types for syrphids. Therefore, efforts should be made to maintain both managed and abandoned meadows in order to protect syrphid species within mountainous landscapes.
R. I. Hussain; R. Walcher; D. Brandl; I. Jernej; Arne Arnberger; Johann Zaller; T. Frank. Influence of abandonment on syrphid assemblages in mountainous meadows. Journal of Applied Entomology 2017, 142, 450 -456.
AMA StyleR. I. Hussain, R. Walcher, D. Brandl, I. Jernej, Arne Arnberger, Johann Zaller, T. Frank. Influence of abandonment on syrphid assemblages in mountainous meadows. Journal of Applied Entomology. 2017; 142 (4):450-456.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. I. Hussain; R. Walcher; D. Brandl; I. Jernej; Arne Arnberger; Johann Zaller; T. Frank. 2017. "Influence of abandonment on syrphid assemblages in mountainous meadows." Journal of Applied Entomology 142, no. 4: 450-456.
Arne Arnberger; Ingrid E. Schneider; Martin Ebenberger; Renate Eder; Robert C. Venette; Stephanie A. Snyder; Paul H. Gobster; Ami Choi; Stuart Cottrell. Emerald ash borer impacts on visual preferences for urban forest recreation settings. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2017, 27, 235 -245.
AMA StyleArne Arnberger, Ingrid E. Schneider, Martin Ebenberger, Renate Eder, Robert C. Venette, Stephanie A. Snyder, Paul H. Gobster, Ami Choi, Stuart Cottrell. Emerald ash borer impacts on visual preferences for urban forest recreation settings. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2017; 27 ():235-245.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArne Arnberger; Ingrid E. Schneider; Martin Ebenberger; Renate Eder; Robert C. Venette; Stephanie A. Snyder; Paul H. Gobster; Ami Choi; Stuart Cottrell. 2017. "Emerald ash borer impacts on visual preferences for urban forest recreation settings." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 27, no. : 235-245.
Abandonment of extensively managed meadows is an ongoing global challenge in recent decades, particularly in mountain regions, and directly affects plant diversity. However, the extent to which plant diversity further affects associated insect pollinators or herbivores is little investigated. We focused on the effects of abandonment of mountain meadows on species richness and assemblages of bumblebees, bugs and grasshoppers. Specifically, we investigated the influence of vegetation cover, flower cover, plant richness and surrounding landscape on the three insect groups. Species richness, abundance and species assemblages of bumblebees, bugs and grasshoppers were surveyed in one Swiss and two Austrian regions: three meadows which had been abandoned for 15–60 years, and three extensively managed meadows (mown once a year, no use of fertilizers). We surveyed bumblebees and bugs by sweep net, and grasshoppers using the time-effective soundscape approach. Bumblebee species richness and abundance were significantly higher in managed meadows, whereas bug and grasshopper richness and abundance showed no differences between both management types. Managed and abandoned meadows harboured significantly different species assemblages of bugs and grasshoppers, but not of bumblebees. Increasing flower cover and plant richness increased bumblebee richness, but correlated negatively with richness of bugs. Surrounding open landscape positively affected bugs. Caelifera positively correlated with surrounding forest cover and negatively with vegetation cover. Vegetation cover positively affected Ensifera. Abandoned and extensively managed meadows are important habitat types for the conservation of the three insect groups, thus suggesting the maintenance of both habitat types within mountain landscapes.
Ronnie Walcher; Johannes Karrer; Leopold Sachslehner; Andreas Bohner; Bärbel Pachinger; David Brandl; Johann Zaller; Arne Arnberger; Thomas Frank. Diversity of bumblebees, heteropteran bugs and grasshoppers maintained by both: abandonment and extensive management of mountain meadows in three regions across the Austrian and Swiss Alps. Landscape Ecology 2017, 32, 1937 -1951.
AMA StyleRonnie Walcher, Johannes Karrer, Leopold Sachslehner, Andreas Bohner, Bärbel Pachinger, David Brandl, Johann Zaller, Arne Arnberger, Thomas Frank. Diversity of bumblebees, heteropteran bugs and grasshoppers maintained by both: abandonment and extensive management of mountain meadows in three regions across the Austrian and Swiss Alps. Landscape Ecology. 2017; 32 (10):1937-1951.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRonnie Walcher; Johannes Karrer; Leopold Sachslehner; Andreas Bohner; Bärbel Pachinger; David Brandl; Johann Zaller; Arne Arnberger; Thomas Frank. 2017. "Diversity of bumblebees, heteropteran bugs and grasshoppers maintained by both: abandonment and extensive management of mountain meadows in three regions across the Austrian and Swiss Alps." Landscape Ecology 32, no. 10: 1937-1951.