Z-configurated isomers are kinetically preferred molecules. Compounds with Z-configuration are contained in many natural products, biologically active compounds and as synthons for organic synthesis. Two series of new thiazole-based analogs were synthesized from appropriate starting materials hydrazinecarbothioamide derivatives (Z)-2a,b to be evaluated for their inhibitory activity towards VEGFR-2. The prepared thiazole compounds 3a-5b were screened for their cytotoxic potency against the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line and their percentage inhibition against VEGFR-2. Compound 4d exhibited good VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity. A DNA flow cytometry analysis was conducted, and compound 4d demonstrated cell cycle arrest at the G1 and G2/M phases of the cell cycle profile and an apoptosis-inducing effect by increasing the percentage of pre-G1 phase. Compound 4d was further evaluated for its apoptosis-inducing effect by studying the effect on mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and p53 activation. It was found to boost the level of p53 and reduce the level of MMP compared with the untreated control cells.

The structural symmetry or asymmetry of organic compounds is one of the most fundamental characteristics. Z-geometrical isomers are promiscuous and kinetically preferred structures with a plethora of biological activities. A new series of hybrid molecules containing Schiff base and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzamide moieties were synthesized from the starting material ethyl acrylate ester derivative (Z)-1 and structurally confirmed by elemental microanalysis, ¹H-NMR, and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopic studies. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of the target hybrids was tested against the MCF-7 breast cancer line compared with colchicine as the reference compound. Most of the newly synthesized hybrids showed good growth inhibition activity against the MCF-7 cells compared to the reference substance. The results of the β-tubulin polymerization inhibition activity assay showed that the p-vanillin Schiff base 4g displayed good inhibition activity. In addition, p-vanillin Schiff base 4g exhibited antiproliferative activity over the MCF-7 cells by cellular cycle blockade at the G2/M phase and it is a potent apoptotic agent. qRT-PCR analysis showed that Schiff base 4g boosted the mRNA expression of the p53 and Bax levels while lowering the expression of the Bcl-2 level.

Background: Siganidae is marine teleost family consists of a single extant genus, Siganus Forsskål, 1775, included 29 recognized species of rabbitfish. Aim: The main goal of this study was the use of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene as a potential molecular marker in the phylogenetic relationships study of some rabbitfishes species (Siganidae: Perciformes). Methods: The samples were gathered from the Red Sea. The sequences of four rabbitfishes (Siganus argenteus, Siganus luridus, Siganus rivulatus, Siganus stellatus) were deposited into NCBI to gain the accession numbers (PP488874 - PP488877) and then analyzed with their related rabbitfishes depending on available sequence data of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. Results: The results of 16S rRNA sequences illustrated that the average A+T values were greater than C+G. Conclusion: The low genetic distance between Siganus luridus and Siganus rivulatus indicated close linkage between them.

Patients with acute leukemia port 10 malignant cells at presentation. Following chemotherapy or stem cell transplant, patients in complete remission by conventional analyses may still harbor 106/108 malignant cells below the detection limit of standard clinical assessment. Minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring is one of the most powerful predictors of disease-free and overall survival, particularly for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL), the percent annual of cALL increase in the incidence of cALL in Saudi Arabia. Breakpoint fusion regions of chromosomal aberrations can be used as tumor-specific targets for MRD detection by polymerase chain reaction. Levels of MRD, measured at critical time points, significantly correlate with clinical outcomes. Previous works investigated the prognostic significance of leukemia-associated immunophenotypes (LAIPs) as an assessment of the index of MRD in 125 adult B-ALL patients by eight-colour flow cytometry. More advanced molecular and genetics studies are so necessary to identify the mechanisms and cellular structure of the minimal-level disease. Selecting molecular methods for minimal residual disease detection have a much higher sensitivity and precision (100-fold or more) than others. This review highlights the minimal residual disease molecular detection to demonstrate the characterization of the lymphoblastic leukemia gene. Precise MRD monitoring predicts disease relapse after chemotherapy or SCT, provides early intervention, and may result in the rescue of many patients and improvement in the probability of long-term disease-free survival.

Background: Mitochondrial genomes play a key role in molecular biology research by providing essential information about evolutionary links, population history, and genetic diversity. Aim: The aim of this investigation was to produce partial sequence of 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes, as well as complete sequence of tRNA-Val gene in some species of family Labridae. Methods: Five species of labrid fishes (Oxycheilinus digramma, Cheilio inermis, Epibulus insidiator, Coris aygula and Gomphosus caeruleus) belong to Family Labridae were collected from the Red Sea, thereafter, taken to a lab for morphological identification in accordance with Randall (1982). Using forward and reverse primers (Wang, 2000), genome DNA was amplified through polymerase chain reaction. Results: The tRNA-Val gene's entire sequence, the 12S rRNA gene's partial sequence, and the 16S rRNA gene's partial sequence were all submitted to GenBank/NCBI with accession numbers (PP962382.1 - PP962386.1). The sequences' outcomes showed that the average A+T values were higher than the C+G values. Conclusion: The partial sequences of 12S RNA and 16S RNA, and the whole sequence of the tRNA-Val gene, were arranged that, the 12S RNA and 16S RNA have been distinguished by the tRNA-Val gene.

The green synthesis of nanoparticles is gaining popularity due to its environmentally friendly, non-toxic and cost-effective properties. The distribution used of microproducts into the world are raised the concern of their implications on public health, in particular, Perfluorooctanoic acid which are variety used in a range of industries and consumer products as surfactants. The current study focused on the effects of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticle extract from Aloe vera (Aloe vera- silver nanoparticles) on genotoxicity induced by Perfluorooctanoic acid. After the treatment period, the rats were euthanized, blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical, histological and genetic analysis. The results indicate a notable increase in oxidative stress markers (glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidation), associated with a pathological change in the liver cells and deoxyribonucleic acid damage following treatment with Perfluorooctanoic acid. In contrast, treatment with silver nanoparticle extract of Aloe vera gel significantly mitigated oxidative stress, enhanced liver function and decreased deoxyribonucleic acid strand breaks. Key words: Perfluorooctanoic acid, nanoparticles, the green synthesis, eco-friendly, toxicity, antioxidant