Based on an extended STIRPAT framework, this paper investigates the effects of financial development on carbon emission intensity in OECD countries from linear and non-linear perspectives, where financial development is proxied by three dimensions: financial deepening, financial deepening, and financial size, and financial efficiency. Fortunately, three types of financial development significantly alleviate carbon emission intensity. An extended moderation effect model is built to estimate the effect of financial development via information and communication technology on carbon emission intensity. The results reveal that internet-based information and communication technology and service-based information and communication technology are positively correlated with carbon emission intensity. To effectively handle the endogeneity issue triggered by causal relationships between variables and allow potential non-linear nexus, an advanced dynamic panel threshold model incorporating the generalised method of moments is employed to investigate how financial development affects carbon emission intensity under different types of information and communication technology. Empirical evidence demonstrates the significance of the non-linear nexus between financial development and carbon emission intensity. Lastly, heterogeneity analysis demonstrates the existence of heterogeneity associated with institutional quality, degree of economic development, and resource endowment concerning the effect of financial development on carbon emission intensity among the OECD countries.

In the context of globalization, the role of the digital economy in carbon emissions may generate spatial spill over effects. This study comprehensively applies a spatial model to understand the nexus between the digital economy and carbon emissions in 67 economies from 2010 to 2019. Specifically, this study contributes by introducing a spatial panel threshold model, which helps to present the new evidence regarding decarbonization process. Empirical findings exemplify that the digital economy remarkably reduces local carbon emissions, with the positive spatial spill over effects being salient. The spatial moderating effect model uncover that globalization positively affects the nexus between the digital economy and carbon emissions. Interestingly, the spatial panel threshold model designates that the digital economy's reduction effect on local carbon emissions will be tightened, whereas the positive spatial spill over effects turn negative only when globalization surpasses a threshold. Our model has the potential to explain some results that traditional models cannot reach.

The environmental impacts of artificial intelligence on a global scale remain underexplored. This study utilizes a balanced panel dataset to examine artificial intelligence's complex role in enhancing global green productivity between 2008 and 2019. The findings indicate that artificial intelligence robustly boosts green productivity, even after correcting for potential endogeneity using the legal system's origin as an instrument. A detailed mediation analysis underscores that artificial intelligence indirectly promotes green productivity by increasing renewable energy use, attracting skilled labor, and dampening stock market performance. Additional analysis confirms that financial development generally amplifies artificial intelligence's favorable effects on green productivity. However, the combined impact of financial institution access and artificial intelligence on green productivity initially appears hostile, an effect that can be reversed when financial access exceeds a certain threshold. These results offer valuable insights into the interconnection between artificial intelligence and the global shift towards greener practices.