For a long time, the development of the Lycium barbarum industry has been seriously restricted by root rot disease. In general, the occurrence of plant root rot is considered to be closely related to the composition and diversity of the soil microbial community. It is critical to understand the relationship between the occurrence of root rot in L. barbarum and the soil microbial composition. In this study, samples of the rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and root zone were collected from diseased and healthy plants. The V3–V4 region of bacterial 16S rDNA and the fungal ITS1 fragment of the collected samples were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. The sequencing results were first quality controlled and then aligned with the relevant databases for annotation and analysis. The richness of fungal communities in the rhizoplane and root zone of the healthy plants was significantly higher than that of the diseased plants (p < 0.05), and the community evenness and diversity of all the rhizoplane samples were significantly different from those of the rhizosphere and root zone. The richness of the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere and root zone of healthy plants was significantly greater than those of diseased plants (p < 0.05). The community composition of the rhizoplane was quite different from the other parts. The abundance of Fusarium in the rhizoplane and rhizosphere soil of diseased plants was higher than that in the corresponding parts of healthy plants. The abundances of Mortierella and Ilyonectria in the three parts of the healthy plants were correspondingly higher than those in the three parts of the diseased plants, and Plectosphaerella was the most abundant in the rhizoplane of diseased plants. There was little difference in the composition of the dominant bacteria at the phylum and genus levels between healthy plants and diseased plants, but the abundances of these dominant bacteria were different between healthy and diseased plants. Functional prediction showed that the bacterial community had the largest proportion of functional abundance belonging to metabolism. The functional abundances of the diseased plants, such as metabolism and genetic information processing, were lower than those of the healthy plants. The fungal community function prediction showed that the Animal Pathogen-Endophyte-Lichen Parasite-Plant Pathogen-Soil Saprotroph-Wood Saprotroph group had the largest functional abundance, and the corresponding fungi were Fusarium. In this study, we mainly discussed the differences in the soil microbial communities and their functions between the healthy and diseased L. barbarum cv. Ningqi-5, and predicted the functional composition of the microbial community, which is of great significance to understanding the root rot of L. barbarum.

Streptomyces fradiae sf106 is a type of actinomycete that can produce abundant secondary metabolites, making it a natural cell factory for drug synthesis. In order to comprehensively understand the genomic profile of Streptomyces fradiae sf106 and its potential for producing secondary metabolites, a combination of several methods was used to perform whole-genome sequencing of sf106. The results showed that sf106 is most closely related to Streptomyces xinghaiensis S187; the average nucleotide identity and average amino acid identity of sf106 and S187 were more than 96%. The genome size of sf106 is approximately 7300 kb, the GC content is greater than 72%, and more than 6700 coding sequences (CDS) were identified. Analysis of mobile genetic elements revealed the presence of a large number of horizontally transferred genes in Streptomyces fradiae sf106, which contribute to microbial diversity. Through antiSMASH prediction, 22 secondary metabolite gene clusters were obtained, which had great potential to generate polyketide metabolites. By examining the data, it was found that the genes contained in cluster 9 were similar to those involved in tylosin synthesis. Non-targeted metabolome sequencing revealed that a total of 1855 identifiable metabolites were produced in the fermentation broth, and the majority of metabolites showed highly significant differences in mean relative abundance between the groups. The identified metabolites were compared against the KEGG compound database to obtain metabolite classifications, mainly including Biological Roles, Phytochemical Compounds, Lipids, and Pesticides. One-way ANOVA indicated that the relative concentration of tylosin differed significantly across all the growth periods, except for the late-logarithmic and stabilization stages. This study provides important basic information on the secondary metabolite research of sf106, which will help us to understand and apply Streptomyces fradiae sf106 more comprehensively.