MIL-100(Fe) shows large adsorption uptakes for both MO and MB, while MIL-100(Cr) can selectively adsorb MB from a MO–MB mixture. This work demonstrates that MOFs are promising adsorbents for dye capture and highlights that framework metal ion replacement is an efficient way to tailor MOFs for different applications in liquid separation.

Gas permeability and selectivity for CO₂/N₂ separation were improved simultaneously in mixed-matrix membranes formed by a nanoporous metal–organic framework with a task-specific ionic liquid in PIM-1.

A GO-assisted layer-by-layer restacking method was proposed to prepare ultrathin membranes of CTF-1 nanosheets with a high H₂/CO₂separation performance.

Mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) have exhibited excellent performances for CO₂ separation, but it is still an ongoing challenge to enhance the separation performance through optimization of their structures.