Background and Aims: Outcomes after surgical myectomy in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) patients have not been investigated in a multicentre registry with detailed clinical data. Hence, the objectives of this multicentre Dutch study are to describe the 30-day clinical outcomes after surgical myectomy, and to assess factors associated with increased 30-day complication rates. Methods: All HOCM patients (n = 335) who underwent surgery between 2012 and 2020 across 12 Dutch hospitals were analysed using data from the Netherlands Heart Registration. Multiple logistic regression analyses assessed factors associated with a higher 30-day complication rate. Results: Isolated surgical myectomy was performed in 22%, surgical myectomy with one concomitant procedure in 54%, and surgical myectomy with two or more concomitant procedures in 24%. Thirty-day complication rates concerned mortality (5%), ventricular septal defect (2%), stroke (3%), and surgical reoperation (2%). Mean resting left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient improved from 61 ± 30 mmHg to 13 ± 12 mmHg postoperatively, systolic anterior motion from 80% to 8%, and mitral regurgitation grade 3 or 4 from 31% to 6%. Low-volume hospital (<10 surgical myectomy procedures/year), female sex, and ≥2 concomitant procedures were significantly associated with increased 30-day complication rates. The adjusted 30-day complication rate was increased in low-volume hospitals (odds ratio 3.23 (95% confidence interval: 1.43–8.09); P = .007). Conclusions: Surgical myectomy with or without concomitant procedures effectively relieved LVOT obstruction in 93% of patients in this multicentre cohort. Female sex, ≥ 2 concomitant procedures, and low-volume hospitals were associated with higher 30-day complication rates. Although an inverse volume–complication relation was observed, this finding should be interpreted cautiously, and further investigation in larger sample size studies is warranted.

Background: Postsurgical thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysms (PTAPs) are a potentially lethal complication after cardiac or aortic surgery. Surgical management can pose a challenge with high in-hospital mortality rates. Transcatheter closure is a less-invasive alternative treatment option for selected patients, although current experience is limited.Aims: We aimed to evaluate procedural and imaging outcomes of our first 11 cases of transcatheter PTAP closure with the use of closure devices.Methods: Patients with a high operative risk who underwent transcatheter PTAP closure at our centre from 2019 to 2021 were retrospectively included. Suitability was evaluated on preprocedural computed tomography (CT) scans and three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions. All procedures were performed in the catheterisation laboratory. Intraprocedural aortography and postprocedural CT scans with 3D reconstructions were used to evaluate PTAP occlusion.Results: Eleven consecutive patients with a high operative risk and a history of cardiac/aortic surgery who underwent transcatheter PTAP closure were included. PTAPs were predominantly located at the proximal or distal anastomosis of a supracoronary ascending aortic vascular graft or Bentall prosthesis (82%). Implanted closure devices included Amplatzer Valvular Plug III (82%), Amplatzer septal occluder (9%) and Occlutech atrial septal defect occluder (9%). No periprocedural complications occurred. After device deployment, residual flow was absent on aortography in 64% and minimal residual flow was present in 36% of patients. Subtotal or total occlusion of the PTAP on follow-up CT ranged between 45% and 73%.Conclusions: Although subtotal or total occlusion of the PTAP was found at follow-up in only 45–73% of cases, transcatheter PTAP closure guided by preprocedural 3D reconstructions can offer a valuable minimally invasive primary treatment option for patients who otherwise would face a high-risk reoperation.

Degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR) based on posterior leaflet prolapse is the most frequent type of organic mitral valve disease and has proven to be durably repairable in most cases by chordal repair techniques either by conventional median sternotomy or by less invasive approaches both utilizing extracorporeal circulation and cardioplegic myocardial arrest. Recently, several novel transapical chordal repair techniques specifically targeting the posterior leaflet have been developed as a far less invasive and beating heart (off-pump) alternative to port-access mitral repair. In order to perform a safe and effective minimally invasive mitral chordal repair, thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the mitral valve apparatus and adequate use of multimodality imaging both pre- and intraoperatively are fundamental. In addition, comprehensive understanding of the available novel devices, their delivery systems and the individual procedural steps are required.

Background: Hybrid minimally invasive left ventricular reconstruction is used to treat patients with ischemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and antero-apical scar. Pre- and post-procedural regional functional left ventricular assessment with current imaging techniques remains limited. We evaluated ‘inward displacement’ as a novel technique of assessing regional left ventricular function in an ischemic HFrEF population who underwent left ventricular reconstruction with the Revivent System. Methods: Inward displacement adopts three standard long-axis views obtained during cardiac MRI or CT and assesses the degree of inward endocardial wall motion towards the true left ventricular center of contraction. For each of the standard 17 left ventricular segments, regional inward displacement is measured in mm and expressed as a percentage of the maximal theoretical distance each segment can contract towards the centerline. The left ventricle was divided into three regions, obtaining the arithmetic average of inward displacement or speckle tracking echocardiographic strain at the left ventricular base (segments 1–6), mid-cavity (segments 7–12) and apex (segments 13–17). Inward displacement was measured using computed tomography or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and compared pre- and post-procedurally in ischemic HFrEF patients who underwent left ventricular reconstruction with the Revivent System (n = 36). In a subset of patients who underwent baseline speckle tracking echocardiography, pre-procedural inward displacement was compared with left ventricular regional echocardiographic strain (n = 15). Results: Inward displacement of basal and mid-cavity left ventricular segments increased by 27% (p < 0.001) and 37% (p < 0.001), respectively, following left ventricular reconstruction. A significant overall decrease in both the left ventricular end systolic volume index and end diastolic volume index of 31% (p < 0.001) and 26% (p < 0.001), respectively, was detected, along with a 20% increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (p = 0.005). A significant correlation between inward displacement and speckle tracking echocardiographic strain was noted within the basal (R = −0.77, p < 0.001) and mid-cavity left ventricular segments (R = −0.65, p = 0.004), respectively. Inward displacement resulted in relatively larger measurement values compared to speckle tracking echocardiography, with a mean difference of absolute values of −3.33 and −7.41 for the left ventricular base and mid-cavity, respectively. Conclusions: Obviating the limitations of echocardiography, inward displacement was found to highly correlate with speckle tracking echocardiographic strain to evaluate regional segmental left ventricular function. Significant improvements in basal and mid-cavity left ventricular contractility were demonstrated in ischemic HFrEF patients following left ventricular reconstruction of large antero-apical scars, consistent with the concept of reverse left ventricular remodeling at a distance. Inward displacement holds significant promise in the HFrEF population being evaluated pre- and post-left ventriculoplasty procedures.

This study evaluates the early and long-term clinical and echocardiographic outcome of edge-to-edge (E2E) mitral valve repair (MVr) concomitant to septal myectomy (SM) in patients with symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). A retrospective single-center analysis was performed of patients who underwent isolated SM or SM with E2E MVr from 2011 to 2022. Exclusion criteria were primary mitral valve (MV) disease or concomitant valve surgery. Early and long-term safety, functional and echocardiographic outcomes were compared between groups. Between January 2011 and April 2022, 76 consecutive patients underwent SM for HOCM: 42 patients (55%) underwent SM without additional E2E MVr (Group 1) and 34 patients (45%) underwent SM with additional E2E MVr (Group 2). At latest follow-up, 87% of patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I-II with no significant differences in NYHA class between groups. Incidence of safety events was comparable between groups. Echocardiographic relief of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction was comparable at early follow-up (P = 0.68), with a significant but small difference in maximum LVOT pressure gradient at latest follow-up in favor of E2E MVr (P = 0.04). Furthermore, patients who underwent SM with E2E MVr showed less residual systolic anterior motion at early and latest follow-up (P = 0.020; P = 0.178). Reintervention on the MV was absent in both groups at 1 year and equally low at follow-up (P = 0.27). This study demonstrates that adding E2E MVr to septal myectomy is as safe as isolated myectomy for the treatment of HOCM. Moreover, the addition of E2E MVr is associated with similar excellent functional improvement and freedom from MV reintervention.