The rarity of equipment failures results in a high level of imbalance between failure data and normal operation data, which makes the effective classification and prediction of such data difficult. Furthermore, many failure data are dominated by mixed data, which makes the model unable to adapt to this type of failure problem. Second, the replacement cycle of production equipment increases the difficulty of collecting failure data. In this paper, an equipment failure diagnosis method is proposed to solve the problem of poor prediction accuracy due to limited data. In this method, the synthetic minority oversampling technique is combined with a conditional tabular generative adversarial network. The proposed method can be used to predict limited data with a mixture of numerical and categorical data. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can improve 6.45% compared to other similar methods when equipment failure data account for less than 1% of the total data.

This investigation addresses a range of critical challenges within the domain of mechanical engineering and anticipates their potential impacts. The study's goals include developing methods for detecting tool breakage in integrated milling-turning machines, evaluating the service life of punching machine components, and determining the durability of molds in forging equipment, alongside other complex issues. The primary aim is to devise a specialized equipment health diagnostic system, designed for complex industrial environments. Industry consultation has revealed that effective monitoring strategies and threshold values must be tailored to the specific characteristics of each piece of equipment and their respective sectors. Despite the metal processing industry lagging roughly a decade behind the semiconductor sector in adopting intelligent monitoring systems, it encounters similar hurdles. These include shrinking labor demographics necessitating increased reliance on shift-based external labor, higher turnover rates impacting the retention of skilled workers for essential tasks such as tool replacements and machinery maintenance. Furthermore, there is a pressing need to maintain traceability for the usage history of molds and punching heads, especially to meet aerospace industry regulations. In response, the sector aims to accomplish two primary goals for its critical production machinery: firstly, to implement diagnostic tools for evaluating the wear and overall quality of tools and molds; secondly, to shift from time-based to condition-based maintenance protocols, adaptable to the frequent mold changes required for varied product fabrication.

Black fungus cultivation in bagged form requires frequent inspection of mycelial growth, a process that is labor-intensive and susceptible to subjective judgment. In addition, timely detection of contamination in low-light and high-humidity environments remains a significant challenge. To address these issues, this paper proposed an intelligent agriculture system for black fungus cultivation, with emphasis on practical deployment under real farming conditions. The system integrates a private 5G network with a YOLOv8-based deep learning model for real-time object detection and growth monitoring. Continuous image acquisition and data feedback are achieved through a multi-parameter environmental sensing module and an autonomous ground vehicle (AGV) equipped with IP cameras. To improve model robustness, more than 42,000 labeled training images were generated through data augmentation, and a modified C2f network architecture was employed. Experimental results show that the model achieved a detection accuracy of 93.7% with an average confidence score of 0.96 under live testing conditions. The deployed 5G network provided a downlink throughput of 645.2 Mbps and an uplink throughput of 147.5 Mbps, ensuring sufficient bandwidth and low latency for real-time inference and transmission. Field trials conducted over five cultivation batches demonstrated improvements in disease detection, reductions in labor requirements, and an increase in the average yield success rate to 80%. These findings indicate that the proposed method offers a scalable and practical solution for precision agriculture, integrating next-generation communication technologies with deep learning to enhance cultivation management.