Background/Objectives: This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to evaluate and synthesize scientific evidence about the combined cognitive stimulation and physical activity interventions on Activities of Daily Living (ADL), cognitive function, and physical function in older people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted between August 2024 and October 2024 using the core collection of six generic databases: PubMed, EBSCOhost, CINAHL Complete, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science. The PRISMA, RoB 2, and GRADEpro tools assessed the evidence’s methodological quality and certainty. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO, CRD42024577229. Results: Of 270 records identified in the databases, 9 studies were analyzed using the PICOS format. The MMSE meta-analysis showed significant improvements in cognitive function in favor of the experimental groups (p = 0.010). In contrast, no significant improvements were found for TMT-A (p = 0.51) and TMT-B (p = 0.37). No significant differences were reported for the other variables studied. Conclusions: Cognitive function, as measured by the MMSE, showed significant improvements, while the interventions analyzed did not produce significant improvements in ADL or physical function among older people with MCI. Individual studies suggest that programs that integrate both cognitive stimulation and physical activity components may provide some benefits.

The increase in life expectancy and survival time implies an increase in the possible side-effects of pharmacological treatments in patients. Cancer-related fatigue is one of these side-effects. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a multimodal program of physical exercise and functional rehabilitation on asthenia, pain, functional capacity, and quality of life in cancer patients with cancer-related fatigue. Methods: This was a randomized, parallel-controlled clinical trial, with two arms (experimental and control group), and it was conducted over the course of a year in the Oncology Hospitalization Unit at the University Hospital of Salamanca, Spain. Participants (n = 48) were assessed at three points during the study. The first assessment was prior to hospital discharge, the second assessment was after 15 days, and the final assessment was at one month post-hospital follow-up. The intervention lasted one month. The main variables studied were the dependency levels (Barthel), cancer-related fatigue (FACT-An), health-related quality of life (EuroQoL-5D), functional capacity (SPPB), and kinesiophobia (TSK-F). Results: Sample size (n = 44). Mean age 63.46 ± 12.36 years. Significant differences between control and experimental group participants in Barthel, FACT-An, TSK-F, and SPPB scores at follow-up and final assessment. Conclusions: There are beneficial effects of a multimodal physical exercise and functional rehabilitation program in improving the autonomy of cancer-related fatigue patients.

Background: Everyday cognition is the application of basic cognitive skills and knowledge of the specific cognitive domain for the resolution of problems that are integrated within the instrumental domains of functioning. The main objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of a Training Programme in Everyday Cognition in order to improve the levels of everyday cognition and global cognitive performance in older adults. Methods: A randomised controlled trial of two groups. The sample was composed of healthy older adults. The intervention of the experimental group consisted of an Everyday Cognition Training Programme, and the intervention of the control group consisted of a Conventional Cognitive Training Programme. The Rapid Assessment of Cognitive Functions test (ERFC) and the Everyday Cognition Battery test (ECB) were used to assess the intervention. Results: Total sample (n = 237) composed of 44 men and 223 women, with a mean age of 73.45 years. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) were evidenced between the control group and the experimental group in both the ECB and ERFC; in the final evaluation of the study and in the follow-up. Conclusion: The use of a Daily Cognition Training Programme presents greater benefits in terms of both global cognitive performance and everyday cognition than the use of a Conventional Cognitive Training Programme in elderly adults. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04041999. Retrospectively registered. Date of trial registration: 8th July 2019.

Background/Objectives: This systematic review aimed to evaluate and synthesize scientific evidence on occupational therapy (OT) interventions focused on leisure activities to improve activities of daily living (ADLs) and cognitive function in middle-aged and older people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: A systematic review was carried out following the guidelines established by the PRISMA statement. The study was registered in the PROSPERO database. Four databases were used for the literature search process (Scopus, Web of Science, Medline/PubMed, ScienceDirect), and selected results were assessed using standard tools for risk of bias and certainty of evidence with GRADEpro. Results: Of 169 records identified in the databases, 7 studies with a total of 620 middle-aged and older people (44.9% female) with a mean age of 77.5 years were analyzed using the PICOS format. The meta-analysis of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) revealed no significant improvements in cognitive function (p > 0.05). Individual studies reported varied results on ADL among people with MCI, with some demonstrating significant improvements following leisure interventions, while others found no notable differences between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: OT interventions did not significantly improve MMSE of the overall cognitive function and ADL performance in middle-aged and older people with MCI. Therefore, further studies detailing the dosage of interventions are needed.

Background: Cancer is one of the most relevant social and health problems in the world. The disease entails additional costs for cancer patients and their families that are not covered by the public part of our welfare state, and which they assume themselves simply because they are ill. The main objective of this study is to identify and analyse the additional cost and socioeconomic impact of cancer disease on patients diagnosed with cancer disease and their families. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional randomised observational epidemiological study without replacement with prevalence of cancer disease in the study base, carried out in the Medical Oncology Service of the Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), Spain. Results: The study variable has been the additional cost of the cancer disease for cancer patients and their families that is not covered by our autonomous health system. Conclusions: Cancer disease entails an additional cost for the patient and family; more specifically, for 55% of the patients in the study sample, the diagnosis of cancer represents extra expenditure of between 8.38–9.67% of their annual income. Furthermore, the disability and dependence of patients does not represent an additional cost due to their levels of functionality, but it can have repercussions on the future cost of the evolution of the disease, in addition to the fact of having cancer.

Background/Objectives: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) commonly present impairments in gross motor function and limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs), which negatively impact independence and quality of life. Identifying effective rehabilitation strategies is essential to promote functional development. To evaluate the effectiveness of occupational therapy (OT) interventions on gross motor function and independence in ADLs among children with CP. Methods: Seven electronic databases were searched through August 2025. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42025634706) and conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Methodological quality and certainty of evidence were assessed using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine scale, the Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool, and GRADEpro. Randomized controlled trials reporting OT interventions targeting gross motor and ADL outcomes were included. Results: Of 594 identified records, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis indicated that OT interventions significantly improved gross motor function (GMFM-66; ES = 0.32 [0.01–0.63], p = 0.04), mobility (PEDI-Mobility; ES = 0.46 [0.05–0.87], p = 0.02), and occupational performance (COPM-Performance; ES = 2.63 [1.14–4.11], p = 0.001) and satisfaction (COPM-Satisfaction; ES = 2.17 [0.82–3.51], p = 0.002). No significant changes were observed in self-care (PEDI-Self-Care; ES = 0.19 [−0.14–0.53], p = 0.26). Conclusions: Evidence suggests that OT interventions effectively enhance gross motor function, mobility, and occupational performance in children with CP. These results support the integration of OT within pediatric rehabilitation programs to optimize functional outcomes.