Background: Adiposity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are common characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MS). Understanding the underlying pathogenesis is crucial for the development of new remedies. Resveratrol controls obesity and glycemic disorders in patients with MS. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of resveratrol and dulaglutide on adipose tissues and liver in rats with MS, declaring their possible mechanisms. Methods: Rats allocated as Control, MS (induced by a high fat/ high sucrose diet for eight weeks), MS + Resveratrol (30 mg/kg/day orally), and MS + Dulaglutide (0.6 mg/kg twice weekly SC); drugs administration was in the last four weeks. Serum biochemical measurements were done. Liver and visceral fat were processed for biochemistry, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. Results: MS results demonstrated significantly increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glycemic indices, and lipids with decreased HDL-C. Tissue levels of leptin, malondialdehyde (MDA), and TNF-α reactivity significantly increased. Expression of adiponectin, PPARγ, and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) decreased. Also, Western blotting mRNA gene expression of liver SIRT-1 was down-regulated. Resveratrol and dulaglutide significantly and effectively reversed MS complexity, ameliorating all findings, particularly NAFLD and adiposity-induced inflammation. Resveratrol significantly appears superior to dulaglutide regarding the effects on hemodynamics, lipids, adipokines, IGF-1 levels, and adipocyte size. Parallel, dulaglutide has more influence on glycemic control. Conclusion: Protective effects of the drugs may be through correlations between SIRT-1/adipokines/IGF-1 and PPARγ, improving the cross-talk between insulin resistance, obesity markers, liver dysfunction, and TNF-α. Promising multi-beneficial therapies of resveratrol or dulaglutide in MS are recommended clinically for this purpose. Graphical Showing the Experimental Design

Cerebrovascular stroke (CVS) is a potentially fatal disease. The most common risk factor for CVS is hypertension. While most studies in the field have focused on the functional roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) NEAT1, GAS5, and HOTAIR in CVS, less attention has been paid to their clinical relevance to stroke incidence and prognosis. Also, a link has not yet been made between these lncRNAs and hypertension, our study aim was to investigate whether the expression of these lncRNAs differed between CVS with and without hypertension, as well as to compare each group to controls. In total, 181 CVS patients were enrolled, including 91 chronic hypertensive patients with stroke, 90 stroke patients without hypertension, and 51 control subjects. blood samples were collected on the day of recruitment from patients with CVS and controls. Real-time qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of target lncRNAs in serum. When compared to controls, there was a statistically higher level of lncNEAT1 in each case group (median (IQR) = 3.68 (1.35–7.35) and 3.05 (0.95–6.45) for the hypertensive and non-hypertensive groups, respectively, with a significantly higher level in the hypertensive group (P = 0.04). When compared to controls, lncHOTAIR was significantly downregulated in all case groups (medians in hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients were 0.13, and 0.34, respectively), with a significantly lower level in the hypertensive group (P = 0.05). LncGAS5 levels in patients were significantly lower (median (IQR) = 0.16 (0.02–0.55) and 0.25 (0.03–0.99) for the hypertensive and non-hypertensive groups, respectively) compared to controls, with a significantly lower level in the hypertensive group (P = 0.02). There was a significant positive correlation between NEAT1 and GAS5, but a significant negative correlation between each with HOTAIR in both patients' groups. We also detected a significant negative correlation between each NEAT1 or GAS5 and NIHSS score while a significant positive correlation between HOTAIR and NIHSS. ROC curve analysis for GAS5 was able to differentiate patients with CVS hypertensive from patients with CVS non-hypertensive. Patients in each case group had statistically higher levels of NEAT1 and lower levels of HOTAIR and GAS5 compared to control levels, with higher significant NEAT1 but lower significant HOTAIR and GAS5 in the hypertensive group. Therefore, lncRNAs NEAT1, HOTAIR, and GAS5 could be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of CVS that correlate with NIHSS score and could produce a novel target for CVS therapy.

Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder manifested by recurrent episodes of scaly, red, itchy skin patches that occur within apparently normal skin. This study was performed to detect the expression of serum and tissue (lesion and non-lesion) LncRNA MALAT-1 and MiRNA-9 that might be used as biomarkers for psoriasis. Blood samples were obtained from 60 psoriasis patients and 40 controls, as well as 4 mm punch biopsy from lesional and non lesional skin of psoriatic patient and normal skin of healthy controls. Expression of LncRNA MALAT-1 and miRNNA-9 in serum and tissues was detected by real time qRT-PCR. a statistically significant increase in the expression of MALAT-1 in lesional and non-lesional skin and serum of psoriatic patients in comparison to controls were detected. Moreover, there was statistically significant increase in serum MiRNA-9 in patients in comparison to controls, while its tissue level was significantly lower in patients. This study highlights the dysregulation of LncRNA MALAT-1 and miRNA-9 in psoriasis. Elevated expression of MALAT-1 in lesional skin of psoriatic patients compared to non-lesional skin may possibly contribute to the development of psoriatic plaques.

The aim of the present study was to detect the serum levels of long non‑coding RNA (lncRNA) growth arrest‑specific 5 (GAS5) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy controls, and determine the association between the rs2067079, rs6790, and rs17359906 single‑nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of lncRNA GAS5 gene with RA risk in the Egyptian population. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and real‑time PCR were used to measure the serum levels of lncRNA GAS5 and genotype the two distinct alleles at the SNP sites of lncRNA GAS5 gene in 200 patients with RA and 150 controls. The mean serum levels of lncRNA GAS5 were significantly lower in the patients with RA compared with the controls (P0.05) or between the lncRNA GAS5 levels and their respective genotypes at the three SNPs in patients with RA (all P>0.05). Based on the results of the present study, lncRNA GAS5 may serve as a biomarker for the early detection of RA. The TT genotype of rs2067079 SNP was significantly associated with a decreased risk of RA, and a reduced risk of rs2067079 SNP was observed with a recessive pattern. rs6790 SNP was associated with RA risk in the recessive model.