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Prof. Tim Cooper
Nottingham Trent University, UK

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0 Public Policy
0 Sustainable Design
0 Sustainable consumption
0 sustainable production
0 Product longevity

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Product longevity
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Chapter
Published: 24 September 2020 in The Circular Economy in the European Union
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‘Closing the loop’ through recycling is self-evidently a prerequisite for a circular economy, but ‘slowing the flow’ is equally essential for adequate progress to be made towards sustainable development. Slowing product replacement cycles, however, demands more fundamental change than closing loops. Recycling could be increased with relatively little effect on consumption patterns whereas strategies to extend product lifetimes may challenge the norms of government, industry and consumers. This chapter explores the rapidly evolving debate on product lifetimes in the context of a circular economy. It begins by identifying the origins of the debate in concern about planned obsolescence and the depletion of non-renewable resources, before tracing its recent development in the context of waste prevention, resource efficiency and the circular economy. The need for a circular economy strategy focussed on product lifetimes, alongside recycling, is explained. Over the past decade, product longevity has been placed firmly on the European policy agenda, and there has been an ongoing debate on, for example, how to prevent unduly short-lived products from being placed on the market and the need to communicate information to consumers on the anticipated durability and reparability of products. The chapter concludes that such policies alone will not suffice. In order to move from a throwaway culture to a culture of durability, a transformation is required within education and in economic management.

ACS Style

Tim Cooper. Slower Cycles: An Essential Characteristic of the Circular Economy. The Circular Economy in the European Union 2020, 99 -116.

AMA Style

Tim Cooper. Slower Cycles: An Essential Characteristic of the Circular Economy. The Circular Economy in the European Union. 2020; ():99-116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tim Cooper. 2020. "Slower Cycles: An Essential Characteristic of the Circular Economy." The Circular Economy in the European Union , no. : 99-116.

Journal article
Published: 27 August 2019 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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Upcycling is a process in which used or waste products and materials are repaired, reused, repurposed, refurbished, upgraded and remanufactured in a creative way to add value to the compositional elements. It has been part of human life throughout history, and the past few years have seen its revival, driven by multiple factors including growing concern for the environment and resource scarcity. Upcycling increases quality and lifetimes of materials and products, reduces wastes, creates employment opportunities, and encourages sustainable consumer behaviour. Despite such benefits and increasing interest, upcycling is largely considered as a niche practice. One of the important gaps in the current state of knowledge on upcycling is a lack of systemic understanding about challenges and success factors relating to scaling up upcycling businesses. This paper aims to address this gap by employing a broad range of methods for reaching its goal, including literature review, stakeholder analysis, semi-structured interviews, group model building, development of causal loop diagrams, and a workshop with stakeholders and experts to validate causal loop diagrams and discuss promising interventions and how to proceed. The results identified potential actors for the success of upcycling businesses, key challenges and success factors, causal linkages among the challenges and success factors, key system mechanisms, and interventions for scaling up upcycling businesses. Collaboration across the upcycling value chain involving a wide range of actors is also discussed.

ACS Style

Jagdeep Singh; Kyungeun Sung; Tim Cooper; Katherine West; Oksana Mont. Challenges and opportunities for scaling up upcycling businesses – The case of textile and wood upcycling businesses in the UK. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2019, 150, 104439 .

AMA Style

Jagdeep Singh, Kyungeun Sung, Tim Cooper, Katherine West, Oksana Mont. Challenges and opportunities for scaling up upcycling businesses – The case of textile and wood upcycling businesses in the UK. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2019; 150 ():104439.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jagdeep Singh; Kyungeun Sung; Tim Cooper; Katherine West; Oksana Mont. 2019. "Challenges and opportunities for scaling up upcycling businesses – The case of textile and wood upcycling businesses in the UK." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 150, no. : 104439.

Journal article
Published: 19 July 2019 in Energies
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Upcycling presents one of many opportunities for reducing consumption of materials and energy. Despite recent growth evidenced by increasing numbers of practitioners and businesses based on upcycling, it remains a niche activity and requires scaling up to realise its potential benefits. This paper investigates UK household upcycling in order to develop interventions for scaling up upcycling in the UK. Mixed methods were used in four stages: (a) Interviews to gain insights into UK upcycling; (b) a survey to discover key factors influencing UK upcycling; (c) intervention development based on the synthesis of interviews and survey; and (d) use of a semi-Delphi technique to evaluate and develop initial interventions. The results showed approaches to upcycling (e.g., wood, metal and fabric as frequently used materials, online platforms as frequently used source of materials), context for upcycling (e.g., predominant use of home for upcycling), factors influencing UK upcycling with key determinants (i.e., intention, attitude and subjective norm), important demographic characteristics considering a target audience for interventions (i.e., 30+ females) and prioritised interventions for scaling up (e.g., TV and inspirational media and community workshops as short-term high priority interventions). The paper further discusses implications of the study in terms of development of theory and practice of upcycling.

ACS Style

Kyungeun Sung; Tim Cooper; Sarah Kettley. Developing Interventions for Scaling Up UK Upcycling. Energies 2019, 12, 2778 .

AMA Style

Kyungeun Sung, Tim Cooper, Sarah Kettley. Developing Interventions for Scaling Up UK Upcycling. Energies. 2019; 12 (14):2778.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kyungeun Sung; Tim Cooper; Sarah Kettley. 2019. "Developing Interventions for Scaling Up UK Upcycling." Energies 12, no. 14: 2778.

Journal article
Published: 27 June 2019 in Resources, Conservation & Recycling: X
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This paper reports on research undertaken to identify generic and specific barriers to reuse of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE). Thirty semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts from across the value chain including product designers, manufacturers, users and waste managers as well policy makers and academics. The interviews sought to examine perceived and real barriers to reuse in the UK. Three inter-connected factors that limit opportunities and instances of reuse of electrical and electronic equipment were identified, highlighting that both systemic and consumer barriers to increasing levels of reuse exist. These are: producer reluctance, unsuitable collection infrastructure and cultural issues. Overall, the paper shows that low levels of reuse in the electrical and electronic sector are a result of complex and interlinked barriers. Understanding these connections offers the potential to improve the opportunities for reuse, by providing direction for policy makers to address barriers from a multi stakeholder perspective. Increasing instances of reuse is essential if the UK is to successfully move towards a resource efficient, circular economy.

ACS Style

Christine Cole; Alex Gnanapragasam; Tim Cooper; Jagdeep Singh. Assessing barriers to reuse of electrical and electronic equipment, a UK perspective. Resources, Conservation & Recycling: X 2019, 1, 100004 .

AMA Style

Christine Cole, Alex Gnanapragasam, Tim Cooper, Jagdeep Singh. Assessing barriers to reuse of electrical and electronic equipment, a UK perspective. Resources, Conservation & Recycling: X. 2019; 1 ():100004.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christine Cole; Alex Gnanapragasam; Tim Cooper; Jagdeep Singh. 2019. "Assessing barriers to reuse of electrical and electronic equipment, a UK perspective." Resources, Conservation & Recycling: X 1, no. : 100004.

Journal article
Published: 23 March 2019 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Addressing global sustainability challenges associated with natural resource security and climate change requires new perspective on waste and resource management. Sustainability-driven business model innovations have a crucial role in transforming current, unsustainable, production and consumption patterns by slowing product replacement and closing material cycles. This study identifies best practice across a range of consumer product sectors. The study developed a novel methodology to identify and evaluate practical approaches to resource efficiency and the circular economy in order to reduce energy and material demand in these product sectors. These approaches include durable product design, enhanced repair and upgrade services, and product take-back. The study analysed 519 products and identified a total 145 examples of best practice within their respective product sectors that provide important insights into planning more circular business models in a range of product sectors. The paper highlights major barriers to, and opportunities, for wider implementation of these practices.

ACS Style

Jagdeep Singh; Tim Cooper; Christine Cole; Alex Gnanapragasam; Matthew Shapley. Evaluating approaches to resource management in consumer product sectors - An overview of global practices. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 224, 218 -237.

AMA Style

Jagdeep Singh, Tim Cooper, Christine Cole, Alex Gnanapragasam, Matthew Shapley. Evaluating approaches to resource management in consumer product sectors - An overview of global practices. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 224 ():218-237.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jagdeep Singh; Tim Cooper; Christine Cole; Alex Gnanapragasam; Matthew Shapley. 2019. "Evaluating approaches to resource management in consumer product sectors - An overview of global practices." Journal of Cleaner Production 224, no. : 218-237.

Journal article
Published: 07 February 2019 in Sustainability
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Changing consumer behaviour can reduce environmental impacts. Upcycling is one of the understudied yet promising, environmentally sustainable behaviours that has the potential to contribute to the reduction of waste and greenhouse gas emissions. This paper addresses this knowledge gap by exploring factors influencing upcycling for UK makers. The study employed a survey based on Triandis’s theory of interpersonal behaviour and Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour. The survey results revealed key determinants of upcycling as attitude, intention, and subjective norm, and demographic characteristics of people who are more likely to upcycle frequently as females aged 30+ working in art and design. The paper further discusses the theoretical and practical implications of the study.

ACS Style

Kyungeun Sung; Tim Cooper; Sarah Kettley. Factors Influencing Upcycling for UK Makers. Sustainability 2019, 11, 870 .

AMA Style

Kyungeun Sung, Tim Cooper, Sarah Kettley. Factors Influencing Upcycling for UK Makers. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (3):870.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kyungeun Sung; Tim Cooper; Sarah Kettley. 2019. "Factors Influencing Upcycling for UK Makers." Sustainability 11, no. 3: 870.

Chapter
Published: 18 July 2018 in The Palgrave Handbook of Creativity at Work
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This chapter addresses creativity in the context of product development within the creative industries, incorporating an example from the clothing industry. In relation to creativity and product development, designers are supported by many other actors, such as technologists, engineers, and buyers, who are also creative in their own right. We begin by exploring creativity at work, which we consider to encompass idea generation comprising creative problem-solving, moving beyond product ideas to service and commercial concepts. Product (or service) development, improvement, and practical process adaptation are amongst the various tangible aspects of creativity which can be managed, whereas other aspects of creativity such as creative thought processes are less tangible and consequently less manageable. In the clothing sector, the temporal, financial, and technical parameters of creativity at work are set for designers by other functions within their own organization and from their clients and suppliers, subject to conflicting commercial demands. Sustainable design through clothing longevity appears at odds with the priorities of the prevailing “fast fashion” business model. Challenging issues such as sustainability and longevity require innovative solutions, and the creative thought processes used by designers could be central to improving sustainability within the fashion industry. To demonstrate how creativity at work can operate in practice, we present a case that investigates the implementation of creative idea generation, within the boundaries of sustainable product development in the context of the clothing industry. This research aimed to reveal barriers, enablers, knowledge, processes, infrastructure, and consumer views that support wider adoption of practices that can facilitate product longevity. We adopted a mixed methodology, including semi-structured interviews and round-table discussions with garment industry stakeholders from a range of roles in fashion retail, the supply chain, and academia, to debate specific themes concerned with supplying clothing that lasts for longer. Subsequently, pilot interventions highlighted the factors that, in practice, promote and inhibit improved clothing longevity.

ACS Style

Helen Goworek; Lynn Oxborrow; Angharad McLaren; Stella Claxton; Tim Cooper; Helen Hill. Creativity at Work and Sustainable Product Development: Practitioner Perspectives from the Clothing Industry. The Palgrave Handbook of Creativity at Work 2018, 563 -582.

AMA Style

Helen Goworek, Lynn Oxborrow, Angharad McLaren, Stella Claxton, Tim Cooper, Helen Hill. Creativity at Work and Sustainable Product Development: Practitioner Perspectives from the Clothing Industry. The Palgrave Handbook of Creativity at Work. 2018; ():563-582.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Helen Goworek; Lynn Oxborrow; Angharad McLaren; Stella Claxton; Tim Cooper; Helen Hill. 2018. "Creativity at Work and Sustainable Product Development: Practitioner Perspectives from the Clothing Industry." The Palgrave Handbook of Creativity at Work , no. : 563-582.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Procedia CIRP
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Technological advances, with increasing numbers of products containing complex electronic circuitry, have resulted in e-waste becoming the fastest-growing global waste stream. High levels of embodied carbon in these products ensure that, to meet emissions reduction targets proposed by the United Nations Paris Agreement, tackling e-waste requires strategies to address climate change United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 13 (UNSDG13). This paper identifies the contribution improved reverse logistics can make to extending product lifetimes through facilitating reuse. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with academics, industry-leaders and policymakers in the United Kingdom and Europe. This research identified that improvements in availability and efficiency of reverse logistics processes would increase reuse potential and efficient resource recovery. Availability and efficiency challenges can be addressed through careful promotion, incentivisation, and engagement of existing compliance schemes. If these challenges are approached from a life cycle perspective, it will be possible to protect against value loss in global supply chains (UNSDG12) and address the climate action agenda.

ACS Style

Christine Cole; Alex Gnanapragasam; Jagdeep Singh; Tim Cooper. Enhancing Reuse and Resource Recovery of Electrical and Electronic Equipment with Reverse Logistics to Meet Carbon Reduction Targets. Procedia CIRP 2018, 69, 980 -985.

AMA Style

Christine Cole, Alex Gnanapragasam, Jagdeep Singh, Tim Cooper. Enhancing Reuse and Resource Recovery of Electrical and Electronic Equipment with Reverse Logistics to Meet Carbon Reduction Targets. Procedia CIRP. 2018; 69 ():980-985.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christine Cole; Alex Gnanapragasam; Jagdeep Singh; Tim Cooper. 2018. "Enhancing Reuse and Resource Recovery of Electrical and Electronic Equipment with Reverse Logistics to Meet Carbon Reduction Targets." Procedia CIRP 69, no. : 980-985.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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ACS Style

Laura Piscicelli; Geke Ludden; Tim Cooper. What makes a sustainable business model successful? An empirical comparison of two peer-to-peer goods-sharing platforms. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 172, 4580 -4591.

AMA Style

Laura Piscicelli, Geke Ludden, Tim Cooper. What makes a sustainable business model successful? An empirical comparison of two peer-to-peer goods-sharing platforms. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 172 ():4580-4591.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Piscicelli; Geke Ludden; Tim Cooper. 2018. "What makes a sustainable business model successful? An empirical comparison of two peer-to-peer goods-sharing platforms." Journal of Cleaner Production 172, no. : 4580-4591.

Book chapter
Published: 08 September 2017 in Sustainability in Fashion and Textiles
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ACS Style

Helen Goworek; Alex Hiller; Tom Fisher; Tim Cooper; Sophie Woodward. Consumers’ attitudes towards sustainable fashion. Sustainability in Fashion and Textiles 2017, 376 -392.

AMA Style

Helen Goworek, Alex Hiller, Tom Fisher, Tim Cooper, Sophie Woodward. Consumers’ attitudes towards sustainable fashion. Sustainability in Fashion and Textiles. 2017; ():376-392.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Helen Goworek; Alex Hiller; Tom Fisher; Tim Cooper; Sophie Woodward. 2017. "Consumers’ attitudes towards sustainable fashion." Sustainability in Fashion and Textiles , no. : 376-392.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2017 in Waste Management
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The technical expertise that politicians relied on in the past to produce cost-effective and environmentally sound solutions no longer provides sufficient justification to approve waste facilities. Local authorities need to find more effective ways to involve stakeholders and communities in decision-making since public acceptance of municipal waste facilities is integral to delivering effective waste strategies. This paper presents findings from a research project that explored attitudes towards greater levels of public involvement in UK waste management decision-making. The study addressed questions of perception, interests, the decision context, the means of engagement and the necessary resources and capacity for adopting a participatory decision process. Adopting a mixed methods approach, the research produced an empirical framework for negotiating the mode and level of public involvement in waste management decision-making. The framework captures and builds on theories of public involvement and the experiences of practitioners, and offers guidance for integrating analysis and deliberation with public groups in different waste management decision contexts. Principles in the framework operate on the premise that the decision about 'more' and 'better' forms of public involvement can be negotiated, based on the nature of the waste problem and wider social context of decision-making. The collection of opinions from the wide range of stakeholders involved in the study has produced new insights for the design of public engagement processes that are context-dependent and 'fit-for-purpose'; these suggest a need for greater inclusivity in the case of contentious technologies and high levels of uncertainty regarding decision outcomes.

ACS Style

Kenisha Garnett; Tim Cooper; Philip Longhurst; Simon Jude; Sean Tyrrel. A conceptual framework for negotiating public involvement in municipal waste management decision-making in the UK. Waste Management 2017, 66, 210 -221.

AMA Style

Kenisha Garnett, Tim Cooper, Philip Longhurst, Simon Jude, Sean Tyrrel. A conceptual framework for negotiating public involvement in municipal waste management decision-making in the UK. Waste Management. 2017; 66 ():210-221.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kenisha Garnett; Tim Cooper; Philip Longhurst; Simon Jude; Sean Tyrrel. 2017. "A conceptual framework for negotiating public involvement in municipal waste management decision-making in the UK." Waste Management 66, no. : 210-221.

Design for next environment
Published: 28 July 2017 in The Design Journal
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The circular economy is a high priority subject of discussion in the current political and academic contexts; however, practical approaches in relevant disciplines like design are in need of development. This article proposes a conceptual framework for circular product design, based on four multiple loops strategies: (I) design to slow the loops, (II) design to close the loops, (III) design for bio-inspired loops, and (IV) design for bio-based loops. Recent literature, notably on life cycle design strategies, the circular economy conceptual model and the European Commission’s Circular Economy Package, is reviewed and product design cases illustrating each of the proposed are analysed. The article argues that different ‘circular’ approaches centred upon the life cycle design phases can provide practical guiding strategies during the design process and thus promote sustainable design solutions for the circular economy within the United Nation’s sustainable development goals.

ACS Style

Ana Mestre; Tim Cooper. Circular Product Design. A Multiple Loops Life Cycle Design Approach for the Circular Economy. The Design Journal 2017, 20, S1620 -S1635.

AMA Style

Ana Mestre, Tim Cooper. Circular Product Design. A Multiple Loops Life Cycle Design Approach for the Circular Economy. The Design Journal. 2017; 20 (sup1):S1620-S1635.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Mestre; Tim Cooper. 2017. "Circular Product Design. A Multiple Loops Life Cycle Design Approach for the Circular Economy." The Design Journal 20, no. sup1: S1620-S1635.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Procedia CIRP
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ACS Style

Christine Cole; Alexander Gnanapragasam; Tim Cooper. Towards a Circular Economy: Exploring Routes to Reuse for Discarded Electrical and Electronic Equipment. Procedia CIRP 2017, 61, 155 -160.

AMA Style

Christine Cole, Alexander Gnanapragasam, Tim Cooper. Towards a Circular Economy: Exploring Routes to Reuse for Discarded Electrical and Electronic Equipment. Procedia CIRP. 2017; 61 ():155-160.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christine Cole; Alexander Gnanapragasam; Tim Cooper. 2017. "Towards a Circular Economy: Exploring Routes to Reuse for Discarded Electrical and Electronic Equipment." Procedia CIRP 61, no. : 155-160.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Procedia CIRP
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ACS Style

Jagdeep Singh; Tim Cooper. Towards a Sustainable Business Model for Plastic Shopping Bag Management in Sweden. Procedia CIRP 2017, 61, 679 -684.

AMA Style

Jagdeep Singh, Tim Cooper. Towards a Sustainable Business Model for Plastic Shopping Bag Management in Sweden. Procedia CIRP. 2017; 61 ():679-684.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jagdeep Singh; Tim Cooper. 2017. "Towards a Sustainable Business Model for Plastic Shopping Bag Management in Sweden." Procedia CIRP 61, no. : 679-684.

Book chapter
Published: 30 December 2016 in World Sustainability Series
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Community-level innovation or action for sustainability is an important strand for sustainable development. As such, researchers investigated grassroots innovations, community-driven development or bottom-up approach. Many studies have focused on expert-led poverty alleviation projects, market-led social enterprises, or activists-led social movements for sustainable development. Relatively little attention has been paid to rather spontaneous, unorganised, citizen’s collective actions. This paper, therefore, aims to analyse one such example in the UK from the perspective of Design for Sustainable Behaviour; and to suggest how behavioural insights could feed into the development of strategies for scaling up collective actions towards sustainability. The selected action (or behaviour) is individual upcycling—creation or modification of any product from used materials for a product of higher quality or value than the original. Interviews with 23 British residents with practical upcycling experiences were analysed to identify some characteristics in individual upcycling behaviour. The results expand current understanding of individual upcycling in terms of the variance in behaviour, behavioural context and potential group differences based on demographic attributes. The paper further links the analytic insights to the ideas of scaling-up.

ACS Style

Kyungeun Sung; Tim Cooper; Sarah Kettley. Individual Upcycling in the UK: Insights for Scaling up Towards Sustainable Development. World Sustainability Series 2016, 193 -227.

AMA Style

Kyungeun Sung, Tim Cooper, Sarah Kettley. Individual Upcycling in the UK: Insights for Scaling up Towards Sustainable Development. World Sustainability Series. 2016; ():193-227.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kyungeun Sung; Tim Cooper; Sarah Kettley. 2016. "Individual Upcycling in the UK: Insights for Scaling up Towards Sustainable Development." World Sustainability Series , no. : 193-227.

Proceedings article
Published: 01 September 2016 in 2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)
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Product lifetimes are a relevant topic of discussion towards establishing a circular economy, particularly in terms of the reduction of environmental impacts by improving product longevity. Various researchers have developed models to estimate actual lifetimes and have reported case studies for some product categories (e.g. electrical and electronic equipment, and vehicles). However, actual lifetimes may not necessarily meet consumers' expectations. Therefore, an integration of the two perspectives-actual and expected product lifetimes-should prove helpful in optimizing product lifetimes. We proposed different definitions of expected product lifetimes from the consumer perspective and then investigated consumer expectations of the product lifetimes of consumer durables according to these definitions. Several types of EEE were examined as case studies, and questionnaire surveys were conducted. We found that expected lifetimes varied according to the definition used. Expected product lifetimes should be measured by using clearly defined terms to analyse the gaps between actual product lifetimes and consumer expectations.

ACS Style

Masahiro Oguchi; Tomohiro Tasaki; Ichiro Daigo; Tim Cooper; Christine Cole; Alex Gnanapragasam; Alexander Gnanapragasam. Consumers' expectations for product lifetimes of consumer durables. 2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG) 2016, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Masahiro Oguchi, Tomohiro Tasaki, Ichiro Daigo, Tim Cooper, Christine Cole, Alex Gnanapragasam, Alexander Gnanapragasam. Consumers' expectations for product lifetimes of consumer durables. 2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG). 2016; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Masahiro Oguchi; Tomohiro Tasaki; Ichiro Daigo; Tim Cooper; Christine Cole; Alex Gnanapragasam; Alexander Gnanapragasam. 2016. "Consumers' expectations for product lifetimes of consumer durables." 2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG) , no. : 1-6.

Conference paper
Published: 01 September 2016 in 2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG)
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Discarded electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) is a rapidly growing waste stream. This has increased, in part, because advances in technology have contributed to shorter product lifetimes. As such, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has received increasing attention from policy makers. Previous research has revealed the large proportion of end-of-life consumer electronics disposed of through residual waste collections and destined for landfill disposal or incineration. This represents a missed opportunity for extending their lifetime by facilitating recovery for repair or reuse. This paper outlines current policy context, explores routes for end-of-life EEE in the UK and examines opportunities for product life extension through reuse. A series of semi-structured interviews were undertaken to determine if current collection system for end-of-life equipment in the UK adequately encourages increased repair and reuse in line with UK Government's waste reduction programme, or whether there is excessive focus on recycling. The findings are reported to discuss if UK policy framework is adequate to embed legislative requirements and improve current practices and whether the current system promotes awareness and understanding by householders sufficient to encourage behaviour change.

ACS Style

Christine Cole; Tim Cooper; Alexander Gnanapragasam. Extending product lifetimes through WEEE reuse and repair: Opportunities and challenges in the UK. 2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG) 2016, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Christine Cole, Tim Cooper, Alexander Gnanapragasam. Extending product lifetimes through WEEE reuse and repair: Opportunities and challenges in the UK. 2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG). 2016; ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christine Cole; Tim Cooper; Alexander Gnanapragasam. 2016. "Extending product lifetimes through WEEE reuse and repair: Opportunities and challenges in the UK." 2016 Electronics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG) , no. : 1-9.

Conference paper
Published: 25 June 2016 in DRS2016: Future-Focused Thinking
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ACS Style

Angharad Mclaren; Nottingham Trent University; Helen Goworek; Tim Cooper; Lynn Oxborrow; Helen Hill. The effect of consumer attitudes on design for product longevity: The case of the fashion industry. DRS2016: Future-Focused Thinking 2016, 1 .

AMA Style

Angharad Mclaren, Nottingham Trent University, Helen Goworek, Tim Cooper, Lynn Oxborrow, Helen Hill. The effect of consumer attitudes on design for product longevity: The case of the fashion industry. DRS2016: Future-Focused Thinking. 2016; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Angharad Mclaren; Nottingham Trent University; Helen Goworek; Tim Cooper; Lynn Oxborrow; Helen Hill. 2016. "The effect of consumer attitudes on design for product longevity: The case of the fashion industry." DRS2016: Future-Focused Thinking , no. : 1.

Book chapter
Published: 29 May 2016 in Carbon Management, Technologies, and Trends in Mediterranean Ecosystems
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Amateurs committed to self-production (i.e. DIY) are reshaping the relationship between production and consumption, leading to a ‘new DIY age’ (Hoftijzer 2009). The spreading of this trend suggests scenarios in which non-professional people are, or will be, able to create artefacts supported by innovative technologies, networks and, perhaps, companies with new business models . Easy access for consumers to the production system could lead to inefficient resource use and increased waste, however, and so the sustainability of this trend has been debated. Nonetheless, recent research by Salvia (2013) envisages this contemporary self-production phenomena as a ‘window of opportunity’ to foster positive environmental and social impact, through activities intended to prolong product lifetimes, e.g. re-using, re-pairing, re-purposing and re-appropriating—collectively named RE-DIY. This chapter addresses the role of design as catalyst for sustainable RE-DIY. Four scenarios portray the possible role of professional designers as educators or facilitators in the relationship with RE-DIY practitioners, at both a global and local scale. On the basis of a review of the current ‘state of the art’, cases of design-led sustainable initiatives promoting RE-DIY are explored to highlight the potential and feasibility of novel relationships between producers and consumers . Finally, barriers to the evolution of RE-DIY towards sustainable patterns are identified and discussed, and triggers for scaling up this practice on a broader societal level are proposed.

ACS Style

Giuseppe Salvia; Tim Cooper. The Role of Design as a Catalyst for Sustainable DIY. Carbon Management, Technologies, and Trends in Mediterranean Ecosystems 2016, 15 -34.

AMA Style

Giuseppe Salvia, Tim Cooper. The Role of Design as a Catalyst for Sustainable DIY. Carbon Management, Technologies, and Trends in Mediterranean Ecosystems. 2016; ():15-34.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giuseppe Salvia; Tim Cooper. 2016. "The Role of Design as a Catalyst for Sustainable DIY." Carbon Management, Technologies, and Trends in Mediterranean Ecosystems , no. : 15-34.

Book chapter
Published: 29 May 2016 in Carbon Management, Technologies, and Trends in Mediterranean Ecosystems
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Design for behaviour change is a growing research field which aims at providing methods and tools to foster pro-environmental and pro-social action through the application of diverse theories, models and approaches from the social sciences. This chapter presents the Individual-Practice Framework, which uniquely combines insights from social psychology and social practice theory, and discusses its possible use as a design tool. The Individual-Practice Framework captures the interrelation between the individual and specific combinations of the ‘material’, ‘meaning’ and ‘competence ’ elements of practices. The framework is proposed here as a design tool for the effective exploration and envisioning of innovative, and conceivably more sustainable, product and service solutions. The paper discusses the advantages of employing the framework as part of the design process, sets preliminary guidelines for practical application and considers possible limitations. It concludes with an assessment of the potential for adoption of the Individual-Practice Framework in participatory design workshops.

ACS Style

Laura Piscicelli; Mariale Moreno; Tim Cooper; Tom Fisher. The Individual-Practice Framework: A Design Tool for Understanding Consumer Behaviour. Carbon Management, Technologies, and Trends in Mediterranean Ecosystems 2016, 35 -50.

AMA Style

Laura Piscicelli, Mariale Moreno, Tim Cooper, Tom Fisher. The Individual-Practice Framework: A Design Tool for Understanding Consumer Behaviour. Carbon Management, Technologies, and Trends in Mediterranean Ecosystems. 2016; ():35-50.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Piscicelli; Mariale Moreno; Tim Cooper; Tom Fisher. 2016. "The Individual-Practice Framework: A Design Tool for Understanding Consumer Behaviour." Carbon Management, Technologies, and Trends in Mediterranean Ecosystems , no. : 35-50.