The existing most image processing methods based on physical models can have a significant impact on defogging performance due to inaccurate estimation of the depth of field information. These methods often encounter problems such as low brightness, invisible color distortion, and loss of detail when processing images with poor lighting conditions, such as those taken in coal mines. To address these issues, this paper proposes a new algorithm based on artificial multi-exposure image fusion. The proposed method performs global exposure on images with uneven illumination by combining S-type functions and the Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) algorithm in the Hue-Saturation-Value (HSV) color space. This reduces the spatial dependence of brightness during processing and avoids color distortion problems that may arise in the Red-Green-Blue (RGB) color space. To mitigate the issue of detail loss, a gradient-domain guided filter is used to preserve fine structures in images, while an improved homomorphic filtering algorithm is introduced during the Laplacian pyramid decomposition process to reduce image content loss arising from large dark areas. This paper also conducted subjective, objective, and computational time comparisons to evaluate performance, providing reliable results regarding speed, quality, and reliability in processing hazy images.

This study examined the reported splitting-tensile response of 17 concrete mixtures labeled by nominal rubber replacement levels of 5–20% and steel fibers at 0–1.5% by volume after 7 and 28 days of curing. The reported strength values were considered together with failure photographs, representative load-displacement curves, acoustic-emission (AE) energy records for three selected mixtures, and qualitative scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. Rubber addition was associated with lower splitting-tensile strength, whereas several rubber–fiber mixtures recovered or exceeded the ordinary-concrete value. Among the tested combinations, SF1RR5C had the highest reported strength (4.27 MPa at 28 days, 12.4% above the ordinary-concrete value). The load-displacement curves and post-failure photographs indicate delayed separation and residual load capacity in the fiber-containing specimens. The AE and SEM observations provide qualitative, mixture-specific evidence consistent with crack bridging; they do not independently quantify internal damage, porosity, or fiber-matrix bond strength.