With the recovery of the world economy, the increase in energy demand, global environmental pollution, climate change, and many other contradictory issues, after China proposed the Double-Carbon goal, research on the Energy-Environment-Economy system has attracted much attention. Through the visual analysis of Energy-Environment-Economy research literature, this paper provides scholars committed to this field with research characteristics and hotspots evolution trends in this field, and provides a direction guidance and practical method reference for subsequent research on Energy-Environment-Economy system-related issues. This study selected the literature from the Energy-Environment-Economy system field of Web of Science and CNKI database for nearly 20 years, uses CiteSpace to conduct research bibliometrics and visual analysis, and explores the main characteristics, research hotspots, and evolution trends of Energy-Environment-Economy system in Chinese and English. The research found that: ① there are many research results on Energy-Environment-Economy systems, and the research interest in the field of Energy-Environment-Economy systems continues to rise; ② the number of documents and research institutions in China ranks first in the world, and the influence of research results needs to be improved; ③ the hot topics of research topics in each period are bright, research hotspots evolve from single subsystems to systemic issues; ④ the attention to environment and climate change has increased significantly, and the evolutionary characteristics of research hotspots are in line with the development trend in reality.

After China’s “Double Carbon” strategy was proposed to reduce energy and consumption, the optimization of China’s energy consumption structure and whether China’s coal consumption have already reached its peak once again attracted attention. This paper uses the theory of system dynamics to build a system dynamics model of coal consumption. Based on data analysis and the grey prediction model, three categories and nine sub-scenarios are established and the peak coal consumption is analyzed under each scenario. The results show that: The peak of coal consumption in China can echo the strategic goal of peaking carbon in 2030, which is in line with the laws of reality. The economic growth rate has the greatest influence on the coal consumption peak, followed by industrial structure and coal consumption intensity, and the population growth rate has the least influence. The SD3 scenario is the optimal path for China’s future coal consumption development. Under this scenario, coal consumption will peak at 437.8 million tons in 2027. If the future energy consumption trend is close to the SD3 scenario, the socioeconomic growth rate will slow down, the population growth rate will slow down, the industrial structure optimization degree will be higher, and the intensity of coal consumption will be lower. The coal consumption peak varies greatly according to different development goals and transformation dynamics. Under the constraints of the established peak time, the scenario of coal consumption peak has a variety of combinations.