Aim: To evaluate whether the sequential dual-time-point fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (DTP 18F-FDG PET/CT) study improves the differential diagnosis in the larynx. Background: In some cases, the clinical and metabolic similarity of laryngitis and larynx cancer make differential diagnostics difficult when performing standard 18F-FDG PET/CT examinations; therefore, an additional study protocol performance seems to be of reasonable value. Materials and methods: 90 patients (mean age: 61 +/- 11 years, range: 41-84 years): 23 women (mean age: 63 +/- 10 years, range: 51-84 years) and 67 men (mean age: 61 +/- 11 years, range: 41-80 years) underwent delayed 18F-FDG PET/CT examinations at 60 and 90 min post intravenous injection (p.i.) of the radio-pharmaceutical 18F-FDG. We compared the metabolic activity of 90 structures divided into following groups: normal larynx (30 patients), laryngitis (30 lesions) and larynx cancer (30 tumors) with maximal and mean standardized uptake value (SUVmax, SUVmean) and the retention index (RI-SUVmax). We used the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve to evaluate the SUVmax cut-off values. Results: The SUVmax cut-off value at 60 and 90 min p.i. of 2.3 (sensitivity/specificity: 96.4%/100%) and 2.4 (94.2%/100%), respectively, distinguished normal and abnormal metabolic activity in the larynx. When laryngitis and tumors were compared, the SUVmax cut-off values obtained after initial and delayed imaging were 3.6 (87.5%/52.0%) and 6.1 (58.3%/84%), respectively. The RI-SUVmax of 1.3% (71.4%/88.1%) suggested abnormality, while RI-SUVmax of 6.6%, malignant etiology (75.0%/80.0%). Conclusions: In this study, the sequential DTP scanning protocol improved the sensitivity and specificity of the PET/CT method in terms of differential diagnosis within the larynx. (C) 2020 Greater Poland Cancer Centre. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The diagnosis of neurobehavioral problems in very preterm neonates helps with planning and applying proper and direct therapeutic interventions. (1) Background: The aim of this study was to determine the direct impact of neurobehavior on the sucking reflex and eating abilities of neonates. (2) Methods: We assessed 18 preterm neonates twice hospitalized at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinical Hospital through the use of the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS). (3) Results: We found that that a neonate’s sucking ability positively correlated with the activity level item from the motor system cluster of the NBAS. (4) Conclusions: Neurobehavior should be closely assessed in very preterm neonates. Firstly, because assessments can detect fundamental problems and help a practitioner plan for early intervention. Secondly, the education of parents regarding the neurobehavior of their child can help in the facilitation of feeding skills and the planning of early rehabilitation.

Background: Clinicians and parents should closely monitor the neurodevelopment of very preterm infants. The aim of our study was to compare whether neurodevelopmental assessments completed by parents and those done by specialists yielded similar outcomes. We wanted to check whether the assessments completed by specialists and parents were comparable in outcomes to emphasize the important roles of early assessment of a child and of the parents in their child’s treatment and medical care. Another aim was to check whether or not the pull to sit maneuver from the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) is still a parable item in well-known scales of neurodevelopment. Methods: We assessed 18 preterm neonates in the fourth month of corrected age with scales such as the General Movement Assessment (GMA), the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), and the pull to sit maneuver from the NBAS. Finally, we asked parents to complete the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition (ASQ-3). Results: We found that the respective assessments completed by specialists and parents are comparable in outcomes. We also found that the pull to sit item from the NBAS was still a valid test since it showed similar findings to those from the AIMS, the GMA, and the ASQ-3. Conclusions: The pull to sit item from the NBAS is an important item for assessment of very preterm infants. Specialists should also take into consideration the input and concerns of parents when planning for treatment and intervention.

Background: It is reported that 40% of preterm infants have problems with eating. Neonatal feeding disorders may be one of the factors increasing neonatal mortality. The aim of our study was to evaluate the muscles involved in suckling and swallowing in premature newborns using surface electromyography (sEMG). We would like to objectively describe the tension of muscles engaged in feeding in order to properly plan the therapy. Another aim was to compare sEMG measurements to gestational age, birth weight, and umbilical blood pH to show which parameters put children at risk of feeding problems. Methods: Sixteen preterm neonates with gestational age less than 32 weeks, birth weight less than 1500 g, and oral feeding difficulties were analyzed for muscle response and electrical activity of nerves using sEMG (surface electromyography). Results: We found a negative correlation indicating that preterm infants with a younger gestational age had higher suprahyoid muscle tension, and a positive correlation was found between pH value and suprahyoid muscles. The lower the pH value, the lower the tension in the suprahyoid muscles. Conclusions: sEMG may be a helpful diagnostic tool in the evaluation of the masticatory system of premature infants. Due to the abnormal tone of the muscles responsible for swallowing, it is advisable to rehabilitate as early as possible.

Intellectual functioning studies carried out amongst children indicate that chronic diseases like type 1 diabetes and growth hormone deficiency (GHD), may, but do not necessarily, result in intellectual loss. Cognitive functions may decline as a child becomes older, as a disease persists over time and/or due to non-compliance with treatment recommendations or high stress levels. This study aimed to assess the cognitive functioning of children and youths with T1D and GHD-related short stature compared to healthy children. Methods: The study was carried out on 88 children with type 1 diabetes, 38 children suffering from short stature caused by (GHD), as well as a control group comprising 40 healthy children. Weschler’s tests were applied to measure intellectual and cognitive functions. Results: The results suggest that for children suffering from type 1 diabetes and short stature, their chronic childhood diseases per se do not impair cognitive development. It was observed that the higher the age of chronically ill children and the longer the disease persists, the lower their scores in individual cognitive subtests. For healthy children, age is correlated with the acquisition of particular skills and higher scores in specific subtests. Conclusions: On the basis of qualitative analysis of the cognitive functions subject to the study and close clinical observation of chronically ill children, we have been able to conclude that chronic diseases may alter cognitive functioning.

Background: Parent-reported experience in neonatal units is a key but under-measured dimension of family-centred care in Poland. We piloted a brief parent-experience questionnaire informed by the Neonatal Satisfaction Survey (NSS-8) and communication constructs from the Parents’ Experiences of Communication in Neonatal Care (PEC) to describe in-hospital experience and identify actionable targets for improvement. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional pilot at a Polish tertiary centre (September–November 2021). Parents of hospitalized neonates completed a 21-item survey covering educational materials, medical care/communication, parental stress/confidence, hospitalization details, and sociodemographics. Analyses were descriptive with item-wise denominators (n = 32–46). Results: Forty-six parents participated. Educational materials were rated very highly: parental guide 9.8/10 (n = 46); brochure readability 10/10 (n = 46), indicating ceiling effects. Perceptions of care and communication were favourable: overall care 4.47/5, physician concern 4.62/5, ward conditions 4.47/5, explanation of test indications 4.23/5, and adequacy/understandability of information 4.35/5 (each n = 35; medians = 5). Despite this, parental stress/anger/insomnia was moderate (3.00/5; n = 35), while confidence in basic home care remained high (4.10/5; n = 35). Following discharge, 17/46 (37.0%) sought specialist consultations. Length of stay (n = 34) had a median of 1 day (0–4). Reasons for admission most frequently included multisymptom presentations (20/46, 43.5%); respiratory (8.7%) and infectious (6.5%) causes were less common. Conclusions: Parents reported very positive care and communication alongside persistent emotional burden and substantial post-discharge information needs. Findings support pairing a broad experience framework with a focused communication module, standardizing discharge communication (including a 48–72 h “bridging” contact), and progressing to a multicentre psychometric validation. This exploratory pilot was not a formal validation study; mixed scales and item-wise missingness should guide instrument refinement.