XAFS analysis demonstrates the physical driving force, plus minor chemical transformation for the CO₂ adsorption mechanism by MOFs.

In situ exploration of the dynamic structure evolution of catalysts plays a key role in revealing reaction mechanisms and designing efficient catalysts. In this work, PtCu/MgO catalysts, synthesized via the co-impregnation method, outperforms monometallic Pt/MgO and Cu/MgO. Utilizing quasi/in-situ characterization techniques, it is discovered that there is an obvious structural evolution over PtCu/MgO from Pt_xCu_yO_z oxide cluster to PtCu alloy with surface CuO_x species under different redox and CO oxidation reaction conditions. The synergistic effect between PtCu alloy and CuO_x species enables good CO oxidation activity through the regulation of CO adsorption and O₂ dissociation. At low temperatures, CO oxidation is predominantly catalyzed by surface CuO_x species via the Mars-van Krevelen mechanism, in which CuO_x can provide abundant active oxygen species. As the reaction temperature increases, both surface CuO_x species and PtCu alloy collaborate to activate gaseous oxygen, facilitating CO oxidation mainly through the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism.

Atomically dispersed iridium embedded nitrogen-doped graphene shows excellent HER, OER, and ORR performance, where the IrN₄–G center is the active site for these reactions.

Solution‐processable perovskite‐based devices are potentially very interesting because of their relatively cheap fabrication cost but outstanding optoelectronic performance. However, the solution spin‐coating process involves complicated processes, including perovskite solution droplets, nucleation of perovskite, and formation of intermediate perovskite films, resulting in complicated crystallization pathways for perovskite films under annealing. Understanding and therefore controlling the fabrication process of perovskites is difficult. Recently, synchrotron radiation‐based in situ grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) techniques, which possess the advantages of high collimation, high resolution, and high brightness, have enabled to bridge complicated perovskite structure information with device performance by revealing the real‐time crystallization pathways of perovskites during the spin‐coating process. Herein, the developments of synchrotron radiation‐based in situ GIWAXS are discussed in the study of the crystallization process of perovskites, especially revealing the important crystallization mechanisms of state‐of‐the‐art perovskite optoelectronic devices with high performance. At the end, several potential applications and challenges associated with in situ GIWAXS techniques for perovskite‐based devices are highlighted.